Ahmed Madiha, Campbell-Kyureghyan Naira, Frost Karen, Bertocci Gina
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, PO Box 784, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
Work. 2012;41 Suppl 1:4924-30. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0787-4924.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) specifies guidelines covering the securement system and environment for wheeled mobility device (WhMD) passengers on the public bus system in the United States, referred to as the wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system (WTORS). The misuse or disuse of the WTORS system can be a source of injury for WhMD passengers riding the buses. The purpose of this study was to quantify the risks posed to the bus driver while performing the WTORS procedure using traditional ergonomic analysis methods. Four bus drivers completed the WTORS procedure for a representative passenger seated in three different WhMDs: manual wheelchair (MWC), scooter (SCTR), and power wheelchair (PWC). Potential work-related risks were identified using the four most applicable ergonomic assessment tools: PLIBEL, RULA, REBA, and iLMM. Task evaluation results revealed high levels of risk to be present to drivers during the WTORS procedure. The securement station space design and equipment layout were identified as contributing factors forcing drivers to adopt awkward postures while performing the WTORS task. These risk factors are known contributors to injury and the drivers could opt to improperly secure the passengers to avoid that risk.
《美国残疾人法案》（ADA）规定了适用于美国公共巴士系统中轮式移动设备（WhMD）乘客的固定系统和环境的指导方针，即轮椅固定和乘客约束系统（WTORS）。WTORS系统的误用或不用可能会对乘坐巴士的WhMD乘客造成伤害。本研究的目的是使用传统的人体工程学分析方法，量化巴士司机在执行WTORS程序时面临的风险。四名巴士司机针对坐在三种不同WhMD上的一名代表性乘客完成了WTORS程序，这三种WhMD分别是手动轮椅（MWC）、踏板车（SCTR）和电动轮椅（PWC）。使用四种最适用的人体工程学评估工具：PLIBEL、RULA、REBA和iLMM，识别潜在的与工作相关的风险。任务评估结果显示，在WTORS程序中，司机面临的风险程度很高。固定站的空间设计和设备布局被确定为导致司机在执行WTORS任务时采取 awkward 姿势的促成因素。这些风险因素是已知的导致受伤的因素，司机可能会选择不正确地固定乘客以避免这种风险。
