Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
J Nutr. 2012 Mar;142(3):555-65. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.148783. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
In preparation for a proposed large-scale food fortification program in Cameroon, we completed a nationally representative, cross-sectional, cluster survey to assess the consumption patterns of four potentially fortifiable foods (refined vegetable oil, wheat flour, sugar, and bouillon cube) by women and children. Thirty clusters were randomly chosen in each of three ecologic zones (south, north, and large cities) and 10 households (HH) per cluster were selected, each with a child 12-59 mo old and a primary female caregiver 15-49 y old (total 1002 HH). Blood samples were collected and food consumption was assessed by FFQ and 24-h dietary recall. Anemia (39% of women, 58% of children) and deficiencies of iron (15-32%, 21-70%), zinc (77%, 70%), vitamin A (22%, 35%), and vitamin B-12 (28%, 27%) were common, especially in the north and among HH with lower socio-economic status (SES). Oil was consumed by 54% of HH, whereas >75% of HH consumed wheat flour, sugar, and bouillon cube. For most foods, coverage was lower among HH with lower SES. On average, oil, wheat flour, and sugar were consumed once per day and bouillon cube was consumed twice per day. Median intakes of oil, wheat flour, sugar, and bouillon cube (among consumers) were 19.8, 79.4, 30.0, and 1.9 g/d for women and 12.0, 49.4, 19.4, and 0.9 g/d for children, respectively. Food consumption patterns of high risk population subgroups must be considered, along with technical feasibility and cost, for the selection of appropriate vehicles for food fortification.
在为喀麦隆计划中的一项大规模食品强化计划做准备时，我们完成了一项具有全国代表性的、横断面的、聚类调查，以评估妇女和儿童对四种潜在可强化食品（精炼植物油、小麦粉、糖和汤料块）的消费模式。在三个生态区（南部、北部和大城市）中随机选择了 30 个聚类，每个聚类选择了 10 户家庭（HH），每个 HH 都有一个 12-59 个月大的儿童和一个 15-49 岁的主要女性照顾者（共 1002 个 HH）。采集血样，通过 FFQ 和 24 小时膳食回忆评估食物消耗。贫血（妇女的 39%，儿童的 58%）和铁（15-32%，21-70%）、锌（77%，70%）、维生素 A（22%，35%）和维生素 B-12（28%，27%）缺乏症很常见，尤其是在北部和社会经济地位较低（SES）的 HH 中。有 54%的 HH 消费油，而超过 75%的 HH 消费小麦粉、糖和汤料块。对于大多数食物，SES 较低的 HH 的覆盖率较低。平均而言，油、小麦粉和糖每天食用一次，汤料块每天食用两次。（消费者中）油、小麦粉、糖和汤料块的中位数摄入量分别为妇女 19.8 克/天、79.4 克/天、30.0 克/天和 1.9 克/天，儿童 12.0 克/天、49.4 克/天、19.4 克/天和 0.9 克/天。在选择适当的食物强化载体时，必须考虑高风险人群亚组的食物消费模式，同时还要考虑技术可行性和成本。
