Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Phys Rev Lett. 2012 Jan 13;108(2):020601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.020601. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
We present a stochastic approach to nonequilibrium thermodynamics based on the expression of the entropy production rate advanced by Schnakenberg for systems described by a master equation. From the microscopic Schnakenberg expression we get the macroscopic bilinear form for the entropy production rate in terms of fluxes and forces. This is performed by placing the system in contact with two reservoirs with distinct sets of thermodynamic fields and by assuming an appropriate form for the transition rate. The approach is applied to an interacting lattice gas model in contact with two heat and particle reservoirs. On a square lattice, a continuous symmetry breaking phase transition takes place such that at the nonequilibrium ordered phase a heat flow sets in even when the temperatures of the reservoirs are the same. The entropy production rate is found to have a singularity at the critical point of the linear-logarithm type.
我们提出了一种基于由 Schnakenberg 为用主方程描述的系统提出的熵产生率表达式的非平衡热力学的随机方法。从微观 Schnakenberg 表达式中，我们得到了用流和力表示的熵产生率的宏观双线性形式。这是通过将系统与具有不同热力学场的两个储层接触并假设适当的跃迁率形式来实现的。该方法应用于与两个热和粒子储层接触的相互作用晶格气体模型。在正方形晶格上，发生连续对称性破缺相变，使得在非平衡有序相中，即使储层温度相同，也会出现热流。发现熵产生率在具有线性对数类型的临界点处具有奇点。
