Marrone Rosalia, Vignally Pascal, Rosso Annalisa, Didero Daniele, Pizzini Emma, Dassoni Federica, Pajno Maria Chiara, Maiani Elisa, Franco Gennaro, Calcaterra Roberta, Morrone Aldo, Mirisola Concetta
National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2012 Jul-Aug;29(4):442-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01698.x. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
Skin disorders are an important problem in children living in developing countries, but only a few epidemiologic investigations on pediatric dermatoses are available in the literature. Our study is an analysis of the range and frequency of skin diseases presenting to the Italian Dermatological Center in a pediatric Ethiopian population. A retrospective analysis was performed on 17,967 medical records of children aged 0 to 18 years attending the Italian Dermatological Centre in Mekele (Ethiopia) from January 2005 to December 2009. Infections and infestations accounted for 47% of the disorders seen; fungal infections were the most common (44.1%), followed by bacterial and parasitic diseases. Dermatitis constituted the second most common diagnostic category (24.7%) of the disorders seen, and contact dermatitis was the most common diagnosis (48.8%). Pigmentary disorders and disorders of skin appendages were more common in girls, whereas fungal and parasitic infections were more common in boys. Bacterial and parasitic infections were more common in children younger than 1 year old, fungal infections in those aged 1 to 5.9, and disorders of skin appendages and pigmentary disorders in those aged 15 to 18. These findings demonstrate that most of the disorders seen could be easily managed in clinical practice with appropriate skill development. It is crucial to ensure that training of medical students and pediatricians focuses on accurate recognition, diagnosis, and management of these common skin diseases and that families, teachers, health workers, and nurses be educated about the most common signs of prevalent skin diseases to help facilitate appropriate care.
皮肤疾病是发展中国家儿童面临的一个重要问题，但文献中关于儿童皮肤病的流行病学调查却很少。我们的研究分析了埃塞俄比亚儿科人群中到意大利皮肤病中心就诊的皮肤病种类和发病频率。对2005年1月至2009年12月期间在埃塞俄比亚默克莱的意大利皮肤病中心就诊的17967名0至18岁儿童的病历进行了回顾性分析。感染和寄生虫感染占所见到疾病的47%；真菌感染最为常见（44.1%），其次是细菌和寄生虫疾病。皮炎是所见到疾病的第二大常见诊断类别（24.7%），接触性皮炎是最常见的诊断（48.8%）。色素沉着障碍和皮肤附属器疾病在女孩中更为常见，而真菌和寄生虫感染在男孩中更为常见。细菌和寄生虫感染在1岁以下儿童中更为常见，真菌感染在1至5.9岁儿童中更为常见，皮肤附属器疾病和色素沉着障碍在15至18岁儿童中更为常见。这些发现表明，在临床实践中，通过适当的技能培养，大多数所见到的疾病都可以很容易地得到处理。确保医学生和儿科医生的培训侧重于对这些常见皮肤病的准确识别和诊断以及管理，并且让家庭、教师、卫生工作者和护士了解常见皮肤病的最常见症状，以帮助促进适当的护理，这至关重要。
