Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2012 Jan;9(1):86-92. doi: 10.2174/156720512799015019.
Physical activity has been correlated with a reduced incidence of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease in human populations. Although data from intervention-based randomized trials is scarce, there is some indication that exercise may confer protection against age-related deficits in cognitive function. Data from animal models suggests that exercise, in the form of voluntary wheel running, is associated with reduced amyloid deposition and enhanced clearance of amyloid beta, the major constituent of plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Treadmill exercise has also been shown to ameliorate the accumulation of phosphorylated tau, an essential component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's models. A common therapeutic theme arising from studies of exercise-induced neuroprotection in human populations and in animal models involves reduced inflammation in the central nervous system. In this respect, physical activity may promote neuronal resilience by reducing inflammation.
体育锻炼与人类认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病发病率降低有关。虽然基于干预的随机试验数据很少，但有一些迹象表明，运动可能对与年龄相关的认知功能下降有保护作用。动物模型的数据表明，运动形式如自愿轮跑，与减少淀粉样蛋白沉积和增强β淀粉样蛋白清除有关，β淀粉样蛋白是阿尔茨海默病斑块的主要成分。跑步机运动也已被证明可以改善阿尔茨海默病模型中磷酸化tau 的积累，tau 是神经原纤维缠结的重要组成部分。从人类和动物模型中运动诱导的神经保护研究中出现的一个共同治疗主题涉及中枢神经系统炎症的减少。在这方面，体育活动可以通过减少炎症来促进神经元的恢复力。
