Aczel Dora, Gyorgy Bernadett, Bakonyi Peter, BukhAri RehAn, Pinho Ricardo, Boldogh Istvan, Yaodong Gu, Radak Zsolt
Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary.
Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 May 23;11(5):1028. doi: 10.3390/antiox11051028.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, including an increased oxidative state, deposition of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein. The formation of amyloid plaques is considered one of the first signs of the illness, but only in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, results indicate that AD is not just localized in the brain but is also found in organs distant from the brain, such as the cardiovascular system, gut microbiome, liver, testes, and kidney. These observations make AD a complex systemic disorder. Still, no effective medications have been found, but regular physical activity has been considered to have a positive impact on this challenging disease. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on AD development in the CNS, its peripheral effects have not been discussed in detail. The provocative question arising is the following: is it possible that the beneficial effects of regular exercise on AD are due to the systemic impact of training, rather than just the effects of exercise on the brain? If so, does this mean that the level of fitness of these peripheral organs can directly or indirectly influence the incidence or progress of AD? Therefore, the present paper aims to summarize the systemic effects of both regular exercise and AD and point out how common exercise-induced adaptation via peripheral organs can decrease the incidence of AD or attenuate the progress of AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性退行性疾病，也是老年人痴呆的主要病因。AD的病因是多因素的，包括氧化状态增加、淀粉样斑块沉积以及tau蛋白的神经原纤维缠结。淀粉样斑块的形成被认为是该疾病的最初迹象之一，但仅发生在中枢神经系统（CNS）。有趣的是，研究结果表明，AD不仅局限于大脑，还存在于远离大脑的器官中，如心血管系统、肠道微生物群、肝脏、睾丸和肾脏。这些观察结果使AD成为一种复杂的全身性疾病。尽管如此，尚未找到有效的药物，但规律的体育活动被认为对这种具有挑战性的疾病有积极影响。虽然已经发表了几篇关于体育活动对CNS中AD发展的益处的文章，但其外周效应尚未得到详细讨论。由此引发的一个引人深思的问题是：规律运动对AD的有益影响是否可能是由于训练的全身性影响，而不仅仅是运动对大脑的影响？如果是这样，这是否意味着这些外周器官的健康水平可以直接或间接影响AD的发病率或进展？因此，本文旨在总结规律运动和AD的全身性影响，并指出通过外周器官常见的运动诱导适应如何降低AD的发病率或减缓AD的进展。
