Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common inflammatory disease. Several reports of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) developing in the ground of previous OLP lesions exist in the current medical literature. Hence, there is a debate concerning the possible premalignant nature of OLP. The studies that examined the malignant potential of OLP for many years were mainly observational and were seeking to detect the percentage of OLP patients that developed OSCC. The results of these studies varied significantly with reported percents of malignant transformation of OLP ranging from 0 to 12.5%. In recent years the number of OLP studies that investigate molecular biomarkers identified in cancer is on the rise. This article is an update of the molecular pathways identified in OLP that could be suggestive of a malignant potential of this condition.