Departamento Científico, Fundación Kovacs, Paseo Mallorca 36, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Aug 1;37(17):1516-33. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31824dcb74.
A cross-sectional, multicenter study.
To determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP), leg pain (LP), and pelvic girdle pain (PGP) in pregnant Spanish women and to identify the factors associated with a higher risk.
Previous studies on the prevalence and risk factors for LBP and PGP have shown inconsistent results.
Sixty-one clinicians across 5 regions in Spain recruited 1158 women with a median (interquartile range) pregnancy of 35 (range, 31-38) weeks. Validated methods were used to gather data on the prevalence of LBP, LP, and PGP, anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics, history of LBP, obstetrical history, physical activity before and during pregnancy, mattress and sleep characteristics, disability, anxiety, and depression. Separate multiple logistic regression models were developed to identify the variables associated with LBP, LP, and PGP.
The 4-week prevalence of LBP, LP, and PGP was 71.3%, 46.2%, and 64.7%, respectively. Main factors associated with a higher likelihood of reporting pain for LBP were history of LBP related and unrelated to previous pregnancy and postpartum, pain augmenting with time spent in bed, and anxiety. Previous lumbar surgery was associated with a lower risk. The factors associated with a higher likelihood of reporting LP were reporting LBP, lower academic level, younger age, depression, a lower number of hours of sleep per day, and a higher BMI, and for PGP were higher score for depression, a higher body mass index, and a more advanced stage of pregnancy.
Factors associated with a higher risk vary between LBP and PGP. History of LBP, related or not to previous pregnancy or postpartum, LBP surgery, and anxiety were the factors more strongly associated with pregnancy-related LBP. When these variables are taken into account, obstetrical data from current or previous pregnancies and other variables do not show a significant association with LBP. Stage of pregnancy and depression were associated with PGP.
一项横断面、多中心研究。
确定西班牙孕妇腰痛（LBP）、腿痛（LP）和骨盆带痛（PGP）的患病率，并确定与更高风险相关的因素。
先前关于 LBP 和 PGP 的患病率和危险因素的研究结果不一致。
西班牙 5 个地区的 61 名临床医生招募了 1158 名中位（四分位距）妊娠 35 周（范围 31-38 周）的孕妇。使用经过验证的方法收集 LBP、LP 和 PGP 的患病率、人体测量学和社会人口统计学特征、LBP 病史、产科史、妊娠前和妊娠期间的体力活动、床垫和睡眠特征、残疾、焦虑和抑郁的数据。分别建立多个逻辑回归模型以确定与 LBP、LP 和 PGP 相关的变量。
4 周 LBP、LP 和 PGP 的患病率分别为 71.3%、46.2%和 64.7%。与报告腰痛可能性更高相关的主要因素包括与既往妊娠和产后相关和不相关的 LBP 病史、卧床时间增加时疼痛加剧以及焦虑。先前的腰椎手术与较低的风险相关。与报告 LP 可能性更高相关的因素包括报告 LBP、较低的学术水平、较年轻的年龄、抑郁、每天睡眠小时数较少以及 BMI 较高，而与 PGP 相关的因素是抑郁评分较高、体重指数较高以及妊娠阶段较晚。
与 LBP 和 PGP 相关的风险因素不同。与妊娠相关的 LBP 更密切相关的因素是与既往妊娠或产后相关或不相关的 LBP 病史、LBP 手术和焦虑。当考虑这些变量时，当前或既往妊娠的产科数据以及其他变量与 LBP 没有显著关联。妊娠阶段和抑郁与 PGP 相关。
