Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia.
Parasit Vectors. 2012 Feb 16;5:40. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-40.
The most common treatments for scabies in human and veterinary settings are topical 5% permethrin or systemic treatment with ivermectin. However, these treatments have very little activity against arthropod eggs, and therefore repeated treatment is frequently required. In-vitro, biochemical and molecular studies have demonstrated that human mites are becoming increasingly resistant to both acaricides. To identify alternate acaricides, we undertook a pilot study of the in vivo activity of the benzoylphenyl urea inhibitor of chitin synthesis, fluazuron, in pigs with sarcoptic mange.
Pigs (n = 5) were infested with S. scabei var suis, and randomised to treatment at the start of peak infestation with fluazuron at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day per os for 7 days (n = 3) or no treatment (n = 2). Clinical scores, skin scrapings for mite counts and blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis were undertaken. Fluazuron was well absorbed in treated pigs with measureable blood levels up to 4 weeks post treatment. No adverse effects were observed. Modest acaricidal activity of the compound was observed, with a reduction in severity of skin lesions in treated pigs, as well as a reduction in number of scabies mite's early life stages.
The moderate efficacy of fluazuron against scabies mites indicates a lead to the development of alternate treatments for scabies, such as combination therapies that maybe applicable for human use in the future.
在人类和兽医环境中，治疗疥疮最常见的方法是局部使用 5%的扑灭司林或全身使用伊维菌素。然而，这些治疗方法对节肢动物的卵几乎没有活性，因此经常需要重复治疗。在体外、生化和分子研究中已经证明，人类螨虫对杀螨剂越来越具有抗性。为了寻找替代杀螨剂，我们对苯甲酰基苯脲抑制几丁质合成抑制剂氟虫脲在患有疥疮的猪中的体内活性进行了初步研究。
猪（n=5）被感染了 S. scabei var suis，并在高峰感染时随机分为氟虫脲治疗组（n=3），剂量为 10mg/kg/天，口服 7 天，或不治疗（n=2）。进行临床评分、皮肤刮片以进行螨虫计数和血液取样以进行药代动力学分析。氟虫脲在治疗猪中被很好地吸收，在治疗后 4 周内可测量到血液水平。未观察到不良反应。该化合物具有适度的杀螨活性，治疗猪的皮肤损伤严重程度减轻，以及疥疮螨虫早期生命阶段的数量减少。
氟虫脲对疥疮螨虫的中度疗效表明，这是开发替代疥疮治疗方法的一个线索，例如联合治疗方法，将来可能适用于人类使用。
