Parnassia Bavo Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Psychol Med. 2012 Sep;42(9):1873-8. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712000165. Epub 2012 Feb 16.
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are frequently claimed to be brief, less severe and qualitatively different from those in schizophrenia, hence the term 'pseudohallucinations'. AVH in BPD may be more similar to those experienced by healthy individuals, who experience AVH in a lower frequency and with a more positive content than AVH in schizophrenia. In this study the phenomenology of AVH in BPD patients was compared to that in schizophrenia and to AVH experienced by non-patients.
In a cross-sectional setting, the phenomenological characteristics of AVH in 38 BPD patients were compared to those in 51 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and to AVH of 66 non-patients, using the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS).
BPD patients experienced AVH for a mean duration of 18 years, with a mean frequency of at least daily lasting several minutes or more. The ensuing distress was high. No differences in the phenomenological characteristics of AVH were revealed among patients diagnosed with BPD and those with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, except for 'disruption of life', which was higher in the latter group. Compared to non-patients experiencing AVH, BPD patients had higher scores on almost all items.
AVH in BPD patients are phenomenologically similar to those in schizophrenia, and different from those in healthy individuals. As AVH in patients with BPD fulfil the criteria of hallucinations proper, we prefer the term AVH over 'pseudohallucinations', so as to prevent trivialization and to promote adequate diagnosis and treatment.
边缘型人格障碍（BPD）患者的听觉言语幻觉（AVH）常被认为是短暂的、程度较轻的，且与精神分裂症的幻觉在性质上有所不同，因此被称为“假性幻觉”。BPD 患者的 AVH 可能更类似于健康个体所经历的 AVH，其出现频率较低，内容更为积极。在这项研究中，我们将 BPD 患者的 AVH 现象学特征与精神分裂症患者以及非患者的 AVH 进行了比较。
在横断面研究中，我们使用精神病症状评定量表（PSYRATS）比较了 38 名 BPD 患者、51 名精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍患者和 66 名非患者的 AVH 现象学特征。
BPD 患者的 AVH 平均持续 18 年，平均每天至少出现一次，持续数分钟或更长时间。随之而来的痛苦程度很高。除了“生活被打乱”这一项，BPD 患者和精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍患者的 AVH 现象学特征没有差异，而后者的得分更高。与经历 AVH 的非患者相比，BPD 患者在几乎所有项目上的得分都更高。
BPD 患者的 AVH 在现象学上与精神分裂症患者的 AVH 相似，与健康个体的 AVH 不同。由于 BPD 患者的 AVH 符合幻觉的标准，我们更倾向于使用 AVH 一词，而不是“假性幻觉”，以避免术语的滥用，并促进对其的正确诊断和治疗。
