Wang Qi, Taylor Holly A, Brunyé Tad T
Tufts University, 490 Boston Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2012 Mar;139(3):449-57. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.01.006. Epub 2012 Feb 14.
The present study explores spatial knowledge development using online response measures available in mouse tracking. Online measures can reveal cognitive processing masked in post-processing measures. In the study, participants verified spatial descriptions by moving the mouse to a YES or NO button. Mouse tracking software (Freeman & Ambady, 2010) recorded mouse trajectories. Results demonstrated action-compatibility effects (ACE), differing as a function of spatial knowledge development. For well-developed spatial knowledge, the ACE reflected the physical spatial relationship (e.g. response button on right, but building to the left). In terms of temporal dynamics, this effect occurred later in the response. For less-developed knowledge, the spatial term drove the ACE (e.g., response button on right, but description used term left). In this case, the ACE was immediate and continuous. As would be consistent with learning, ACEs were observed more probably with proximal than distant locations. From these results, we infer that perceptuo-motor associations build with time and experience and can play an integral role in retrieval from well-developed spatial representations.
本研究利用鼠标追踪中可用的在线反应测量方法来探索空间知识的发展。在线测量方法能够揭示在后处理测量中被掩盖的认知加工过程。在该研究中，参与者通过将鼠标移至“是”或“否”按钮来验证空间描述。鼠标追踪软件（弗里曼和安巴迪，2010年）记录鼠标轨迹。结果表明存在动作兼容性效应（ACE），该效应因空间知识发展程度的不同而有所差异。对于发展完善的空间知识，ACE反映了物理空间关系（例如，右侧是反应按钮，但建筑物在左侧）。在时间动态方面，这种效应在反应后期出现。对于发展不完善的知识，空间术语驱动了ACE（例如，右侧是反应按钮，但描述使用了“左侧”一词）。在这种情况下，ACE是即时且持续的。与学习情况相符的是，在近端位置比在远端位置更有可能观察到ACE。从这些结果中，我们推断感知运动关联会随着时间和经验的积累而建立，并且在从发展完善的空间表征中进行检索时能够发挥不可或缺的作用。
