Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2012 Mar;39(3):161-6. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182389a11.
The purpose of this review is to highlight selected studies in the economics literature that address sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related topics that are typically not examined in the STD literature.
Two databases (EconLit and Web of Science) were searched to locate STD-related articles in the economics journals. Relevant articles were also identified in other ways, such as informal discussions with colleagues familiar with the literature. To maintain a focus on unique STD-related topics, studies with topics common in the STD literature (e.g., cost-effectiveness, transmission modeling) were excluded.
Selected STD-related studies in the economics literature were grouped into the following 8 topics: impact of abortion laws and policies on sexual health outcomes; same-sex marriage and syphilis rates; alcohol policy and STD rates; welfare laws and STD rates; discounting the future; HIV disclosure laws; the impact of tolerance for gays on HIV incidence; and economic versus epidemiologic models of HIV dynamics.
A general theme of STD-related studies in the economics literature is that laws and policies that increased the "cost" of risky sex tended to reduce the demand for risky sex, and therefore reduce the incidence of STDs. Economic research can contribute in novel ways to our understanding of influences on risky sexual behavior at the individual level and STD incidence at the population level. Economists and STD experts could mutually benefit from increased collaboration.
本综述的目的是强调经济学文献中解决性传播疾病（STD）相关主题的选定研究，这些主题通常在 STD 文献中没有被探讨。
通过 EconLit 和 Web of Science 两个数据库搜索经济学期刊中与 STD 相关的文章。还通过其他方式，如与熟悉文献的同事进行非正式讨论，确定相关文章。为了保持对独特的 STD 相关主题的关注，排除了在 STD 文献中常见的主题（如成本效益、传播建模）的研究。
经济学文献中选定的 STD 相关研究被分为以下 8 个主题：堕胎法和政策对性健康结果的影响；同性婚姻与梅毒发病率；酒精政策与 STD 率；福利法与 STD 率；未来贴现；HIV 披露法；对同性恋的容忍度对 HIV 发病率的影响；以及 HIV 动态的经济与流行病学模型。
经济学文献中 STD 相关研究的一个普遍主题是，增加“风险性行为”成本的法律和政策往往会降低对风险性行为的需求，从而降低 STD 的发病率。经济研究可以为我们理解个人层面的风险性行为影响和人口层面的 STD 发病率提供新颖的方法。经济学家和 STD 专家可以通过增加合作相互受益。
