Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building K116, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357710, Seattle, Washington 98195-7710, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Feb 16;10(3):203-12. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2720.
During stress, bacteria undergo extensive physiological transformations, many of which are coordinated by ppGpp. Although ppGpp is best known for enhancing cellular resilience by redirecting the RNA polymerase (RNAP) to certain genes, it also acts as a signal in many other cellular processes in bacteria. After a brief overview of ppGpp biosynthesis and its impact on promoter selection by RNAP, we discuss how bacteria exploit ppGpp to modulate the synthesis, stability or activity of proteins or regulatory RNAs that are crucial in challenging environments, using mechanisms beyond the direct regulation of RNAP activity.
在应激状态下，细菌会经历广泛的生理转变，其中许多转变是由 ppGpp 协调的。虽然 ppGpp 因将 RNA 聚合酶（RNAP）重定向到某些基因而增强细胞的弹性而广为人知，但它在细菌的许多其他细胞过程中也充当信号。在简要概述 ppGpp 的生物合成及其对 RNAP 启动子选择的影响之后，我们将讨论细菌如何利用 ppGpp 来调节在挑战性环境中至关重要的蛋白质或调节 RNA 的合成、稳定性或活性，其机制超出了对 RNAP 活性的直接调节。
