Sforza Chiarella, Elamin Fadil, Dellavia Claudia, Rosati Riccardo, Lodetti Gianluigi, Mapelli Andrea, Ferrario Virgilio Ferruccio
Functional Anatomy Research Center, Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche Città Studi, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
J Craniofac Surg. 2012 Jan;23(1):198-202. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182418eba.
The orbital region of subjects with Down syndrome (DS) has been scanty described so far. We wanted to detail the morphologic characteristics of the soft tissue orbital region in Italian and North Sudanese subjects with DS. The three-dimensional coordinates of 10 landmarks on the orbital soft tissues were obtained using computerized anthropometry in 53 Italian and 64 North Sudanese subjects with DS aged 4 to 52 years, and in 461 (Italian) and 682 (North Sudanese) sex- and age-matched controls. From the landmarks, linear distances, ratios, areas, and angles were calculated, z scores computed, and compared by t-tests and analyses of covariance. In North Sudanese DS subjects, intercanthal width and height-to-length ratio were increased; biorbital width, eye height, length, and area were reduced. Eye fissure and orbital inclinations relative to Frankfort plane were reduced, whereas orbital inclinations versus the true horizontal were increased. In Italian DS men, orbital height and height-to-length ratio were increased, eye length was decreased; orbital inclination versus the true horizontal was increased. For almost all measurements, a significant effect of age was found. No effects of sex were found. Ethnic group influenced orbital height, area, and orbital inclination versus Frankfort plane. All paired measurements had similar discrepancies on both sides. The orbital soft tissues of North Sudanese DS subjects differed from those of their reference subjects, but this was only partially true for Italian subjects. The 2 ethnic groups had different alterations in their soft tissue orbital regions that were influenced by age, but not by sex.
到目前为止，对唐氏综合征（DS）患者眼眶区域的描述还很少。我们想要详细了解意大利和北苏丹DS患者眼眶软组织的形态特征。使用计算机人体测量法获取了53名年龄在4至52岁的意大利DS患者、64名北苏丹DS患者以及461名（意大利）和682名（北苏丹）性别和年龄匹配的对照者眼眶软组织上10个标志点的三维坐标。根据这些标志点计算线性距离、比例、面积和角度，计算z分数，并通过t检验和协方差分析进行比较。在北苏丹DS患者中，内眦间距和高长比增加；双眶宽度、眼高、眼长和眼面积减小。相对于法兰克福平面的睑裂和眼眶倾斜度减小，而相对于真水平线的眼眶倾斜度增加。在意大利DS男性中，眶高和高长比增加，眼长减小；相对于真水平线的眼眶倾斜度增加。对于几乎所有测量，均发现年龄有显著影响。未发现性别有影响。种族影响眶高、眶面积以及相对于法兰克福平面的眼眶倾斜度。所有配对测量两侧的差异相似。北苏丹DS患者的眼眶软组织与其对照者不同，但意大利患者只是部分如此。这两个种族在眼眶软组织区域有不同的改变，这些改变受年龄影响，但不受性别影响。
