Department of Human Morphology and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Angle Orthod. 2011 Jan;81(1):107-14. doi: 10.2319/042510-222.1.
To detail the nasolabial morphologic characteristics of North Sudanese subjects with Down syndrome (DS).
Nasolabial morphology was assessed three-dimensionally in 64 North Sudanese subjects with DS aged 4 to 34 years and in 682 sex- and age-matched controls. Three-dimensional facial coordinates were collected using a laser scan, and selected distances, angles, areas, and volumes were computed. Subject and reference data were compared by computing z-scores and Student's t-tests.
The nose was significantly smaller (area) in subjects with DS than in reference subjects, and it had a different shape (more flat angle of alar slope, more acute nasal tip angle). The vertical (nasal bridge length, nose height) and anteroposterior (nasal tip protrusion) dimensions were reduced, while the horizontal dimensions (alar base width, inferior widths of the nostrils) were increased. The nasolabial angle was increased. The cutaneous lip volume was significantly smaller, while the vermilion lip area was larger in the subjects with DS. The mouth and philtrum widths were significantly reduced, while the vermilion height was significantly increased.
Analyzed subjects with DS had a hypoplastic nose and different upper and lower lips than did reference, normal subjects.
详细描述苏丹北部唐氏综合征（Down syndrome，DS）患者的鼻唇形态特征。
对 64 名年龄在 4 至 34 岁的苏丹北部 DS 患者和 682 名性别和年龄匹配的对照组进行了三维鼻唇形态评估。使用激光扫描采集三维面部坐标，计算选定的距离、角度、面积和体积。通过计算 z 分数和学生 t 检验比较受试者和参考数据。
与参考受试者相比，DS 患者的鼻子明显较小（面积），形状也不同（鼻翼斜率更平坦，鼻尖角度更尖锐）。垂直（鼻梁长度、鼻高）和前后（鼻尖突出度）尺寸减小，而水平（鼻翼基底宽度、鼻孔下宽度）尺寸增大。鼻唇角增大。DS 患者的皮肤唇体积明显较小，而唇红区面积较大。口裂和人中宽度显著减小，而唇红高度显著增加。
分析的 DS 患者的鼻子和上下唇与参考、正常的受试者存在不同的形态。
