Shah Irfan, Sefvan Omer, Luqman Uzair, Ibrahim Waseem, Mehmood Sana, Alamgir Wajiha
Department of Oral Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2010 Jul-Sep;22(3):61-3.
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral cancer. Early diagnosis ensures better prognosis. Late diagnosis is however common around the world and contributes to the high morbidity and mortality related to oral cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical stage of oral cancer patients at the time of diagnosis.
This retrospective study was carried out on 334 oral cancer patients who presented to the outdoor departments of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from July 2008 to December 2009. The records that were reviewed included history and clinical examination findings. OPG and CT scans of the head and neck region, chest X-rays, abdominal ultrasounds and liver function tests. Size of the primary tumour, the size, number and laterality of the involved cervical lymph nodes and the presence/absence of distant metastases were documented and statistically analysed using SPSS-17.
Out of the 334 patients, 203 (60.8%) were males and 131 (39.2%) females. The age range was from 21 to 88 years. Buccal mucosa was the most commonly involved site (32%). The primary tumour was 4 Cm or more in size, (T3/T4) 71.25% of the cases. Cervical lymph nodes were involved in 211 patients (63.2%) and distant metastases were present in 39 patients (11.7%). Overall, clinical stage IV was the most common (57.18%) followed by stage III (24.55%), stage II (13.77%) and stage I (4.49%).
Oral cancers are diagnosed late (Stage III and IV) in Pakistan and need immediate public and professional attention.
鳞状细胞癌是最常见的口腔癌。早期诊断可确保更好的预后。然而，在世界各地，晚期诊断很常见，这导致了与口腔癌相关的高发病率和死亡率。本研究的目的是确定口腔癌患者诊断时的临床分期。
本回顾性研究对2008年7月至2009年12月在拉瓦尔品第武装部队牙科学院和武装部队病理研究所门诊部就诊的334例口腔癌患者进行。所审查的记录包括病史和临床检查结果。头颈部区域的口腔全景片（OPG）和CT扫描、胸部X光、腹部超声和肝功能检查。记录原发肿瘤的大小、受累颈部淋巴结的大小、数量和侧别以及远处转移的有无，并使用SPSS-17进行统计分析。
334例患者中，男性203例（60.8%），女性131例（39.2%）。年龄范围为21至88岁。颊黏膜是最常受累的部位（32%）。原发肿瘤大小为4厘米或更大（T3/T4）的病例占71.25%。211例患者（63.2%）有颈部淋巴结受累，39例患者（11.7%）有远处转移。总体而言，临床IV期最常见（57.18%），其次是III期（24.55%）、II期（13.77%）和I期（4.49%）。
在巴基斯坦，口腔癌多在晚期（III期和IV期）被诊断出来，需要立即引起公众和专业人士的关注。
