Sunderland S
Department of Anatomy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Muscle Nerve. 1990 Sep;13(9):771-84. doi: 10.1002/mus.880130903.
Nerves have a structure of considerable complexity with features of special relevance to nerve injury and nerve regeneration. These include variations in the cross-sectional areas devoted to fascicular and epineurial tissue, the fascicular redistribution and mixing of different branch fibers brought about by fascicular plexuses, and the numbers of nerve fibers representing individual branches. The elasticity and tensile strength of nerve trunks and their capacity to resist traction deformation reside in the fascicular tissue, while the epineurium provides a protective cushion against compression. The microstructure of nerve trunks provides the basis for a classification of nerve injuries into five degrees of severity with partial and mixed types--each with a clearly defined pathology and distinguishing clinical features. Following a transection injury, changes occur in the severed axons, endoneurial tubes, fasciculi, and nerve trunk. The type of injury and the nature of these changes determine the outcome of axon regeneration.
神经具有相当复杂的结构，其特征与神经损伤和神经再生特别相关。这些特征包括用于束状组织和神经外膜组织的横截面积变化、由束状神经丛引起的不同分支纤维的束状重新分布和混合，以及代表各个分支的神经纤维数量。神经干的弹性和拉伸强度以及它们抵抗牵引变形的能力存在于束状组织中，而神经外膜则提供了防止受压的保护垫。神经干的微观结构为将神经损伤分为五个严重程度等级（部分型和混合型）提供了基础——每种类型都有明确界定的病理学和独特的临床特征。横断伤后，切断的轴突、神经内膜管、束和神经干会发生变化。损伤类型和这些变化的性质决定了轴突再生的结果。
