Human Movement Science Program, Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 May;26(5):1249-56. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824f2399.
Although there has been substantial research on the acute effects of static stretching on subsequent force and power development, the outcome after stretching of the antagonist musculature has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of static stretching of antagonist musculature on multiple strength and power measures. Sixteen trained men were tested for vertical jump height and isokinetic peak torque production during knee extension at 60°.s (SlowKE) and 300°.s (FastKE). Electromyography was recorded for the vastus lateralis and the biceps femoris muscles during isokinetic knee extension. Subjects performed these tests in a randomized counterbalanced order with and without prior stretching of the antagonist musculature. Paired samples t-tests indicated significantly greater torque production during the FastKE when preceded by stretching of the antagonist musculature vs. the nonstretch trial (102.2 vs. 93.5 N.m; p = 0.032). For SlowKE, torque production was not significantly different between the trials (176.7 vs. 162.9 N.m; p = 0.086). Vertical jump height (59.8 vs. 58.6 cm; p = 0.011) and power (8571 vs. 8487 W; p = 0.005) were significantly higher after the stretching trial vs. the nonstretching trial. Electromyography responses were similar between the trials. These results suggest that static stretching of the antagonist hamstrings before high-speed isokinetic knee extension increases the torque production. Furthermore, stretching the hip flexors (emphasis on single-joint hip flexors) and dorsiflexors, the antagonists of the hip extensors and plantarflexors, may enhance jump height and power, although the effect sizes were small.
虽然有大量研究关注静态拉伸对随后力量和功率发展的急性影响，但对抗肌拉伸后的结果尚未得到检验。本研究旨在探讨静态拉伸对抗肌对多种力量和功率测量的影响。16 名训练有素的男性接受了测试，内容包括垂直跳跃高度和 60°/秒（SlowKE）和 300°/秒（FastKE）时膝关节伸展的等速峰值扭矩产生。在等速膝关节伸展过程中，记录了股外侧肌和股二头肌的肌电图。受试者以随机平衡的顺序进行这些测试，同时进行和不进行对抗肌的拉伸。配对样本 t 检验表明，在 FastKE 之前进行对抗肌拉伸时，扭矩产生显著增加（102.2 比 93.5 N.m；p = 0.032）。对于 SlowKE，两次试验之间的扭矩产生没有显著差异（176.7 比 162.9 N.m；p = 0.086）。垂直跳跃高度（59.8 比 58.6 cm；p = 0.011）和功率（8571 比 8487 W；p = 0.005）在拉伸试验后显著高于非拉伸试验。两次试验之间的肌电图反应相似。这些结果表明，在高速等速膝关节伸展之前，对拮抗腘绳肌进行静态拉伸可以增加扭矩产生。此外，拉伸髋关节屈肌（重点放在单关节髋关节屈肌上）和背屈肌，即髋关节伸肌和跖屈肌的拮抗肌，可能会提高跳跃高度和功率，尽管效果大小较小。
