Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Apr 21;14(15):5071-89. doi: 10.1039/c2cp23851a. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
Applications such as gas storage, gas separation, NP synthesis and supported ionic liquid phase catalysis depend upon the interaction of different species with the ionic liquid/gas surface. Consequently, these applications cannot proceed to the full extent of their potential without a profound understanding of the surface structure and properties. As a whole, this perspective contains more questions than answers, which demonstrates the current state of the field. Throughout this perspective, crucial questions are posed and a roadmap is proposed to answer these questions. A critical analysis is made of the field of ionic liquid/gas surface structure and properties, and a number of design rules are mined. The effects of ionic additives on the ionic liquid/gas surface structure are presented. A possible driving force for surface formation is discussed that has, to the best of my knowledge, not been postulated in the literature to date. This driving force suggests that for systems composed solely of ions, the rules for surface formation of dilute electrolytes do not apply. The interaction of neutral additives with the ionic liquid/gas surface is discussed. Particular attention is focussed upon H(2)O and CO(2), vital additives for many applications of ionic liquids. Correlations between ionic liquid/gas surface structure and properties, ionic liquid surfaces plus additives, and ionic liquid applications are given.
应用如气体储存、气体分离、纳米粒子合成和负载离子相催化等，都依赖于不同物种与离子液体/气相表面的相互作用。因此，如果没有对表面结构和性质的深刻理解，这些应用就无法充分发挥其潜力。总的来说，这一观点提出的问题多于答案，这也反映了该领域的现状。在这篇观点文章中，提出了一些关键问题，并提出了一个路线图来回答这些问题。对离子液体/气相表面结构和性质领域进行了批判性分析，并挖掘出了一些设计规则。介绍了离子添加剂对离子液体/气相表面结构的影响。讨论了一种可能的表面形成驱动力，据我所知，这在迄今为止的文献中尚未提出过。该驱动力表明，对于仅由离子组成的系统，稀电解质的表面形成规则并不适用。还讨论了中性添加剂与离子液体/气相表面的相互作用。特别关注了对于许多离子液体应用至关重要的两种添加剂：H(2)O 和 CO(2)。给出了离子液体/气相表面结构和性质、离子液体表面加添加剂以及离子液体应用之间的相关性。
