Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Surg Endosc. 2012 Sep;26(9):2423-9. doi: 10.1007/s00464-012-2193-8. Epub 2012 Feb 21.
Research on intraoperative stressors has focused on external factors without considering individual differences in the ability to cope with stress. One individual difference that is implicated in adverse effects of stress on performance is "reinvestment," the propensity for conscious monitoring and control of movements. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reinvestment on laparoscopic performance under time pressure.
Thirty-one medical students (surgery rotation) were divided into high- and low-reinvestment groups. Participants were first trained to proficiency on a peg transfer task and then tested on the same task in a control and time pressure condition. Outcome measures included generic performance and process measures. Stress levels were assessed using heart rate and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
High and low reinvestors demonstrated increased anxiety levels from control to time pressure conditions as indicated by their STAI scores, although no differences in heart rate were found. Low reinvestors performed significantly faster when under time pressure, whereas high reinvestors showed no change in performance times. Low reinvestors tended to display greater performance efficiency (shorter path lengths, fewer hand movements) than high reinvestors.
Trained medical students with a high individual propensity to consciously monitor and control their movements (high reinvestors) displayed less capability (than low reinvestors) to meet the demands imposed by time pressure during a laparoscopic task. The finding implies that the propensity for reinvestment may have a moderating effect on laparoscopic performance under time pressure.
研究术中应激源时，主要关注外部因素，而忽略了个体应对压力能力的差异。个体差异中有一种与应激对表现的不良影响有关，即“再投资”，即对运动进行有意识监测和控制的倾向。本研究旨在考察再投资对时间压力下腹腔镜手术表现的影响。
将 31 名医学生（外科轮科）分为高再投资组和低再投资组。参与者首先在钉转移任务上进行熟练训练，然后在控制和时间压力条件下进行相同任务的测试。结果测量包括一般表现和过程测量。使用心率和状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）评估应激水平。
高、低再投资组的 STAI 评分显示，他们在控制到时间压力条件下的焦虑水平均升高，尽管心率无差异。低再投资组在时间压力下的表现速度显著提高，而高再投资组的表现时间无变化。低再投资组的表现效率（较短的路径长度、较少的手部运动）倾向于高于高再投资组。
具有高度个体倾向于有意识地监测和控制自身运动的训练有素的医学生（高再投资组）在腹腔镜任务中面对时间压力的要求时，表现出的能力（低于低再投资组）较低。这一发现表明，再投资倾向可能对时间压力下的腹腔镜表现具有调节作用。
