Raza Mohsen, Skordis-Worrall Jolene
University College London Medical School, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2012 Jan;62(1):85-9.
Pakistan has the unenviable reputation for being one of the world's leading 'transplant tourism' destinations, largely the buying and selling of kidneys from its impoverished population to rich international patients. After nearly two decades of pressure to formally prohibit the trade, the Government of Pakistan promulgated the 'Transplantation of Human Organs and Human Tissue Ordinance' (THOTO) in 2007. This was then passed by Senate and enshrined in law in March 2010. This paper gives a brief overview of the organ trade within Pakistan and analyses the criteria of THOTO in banning the widespread practise. It then goes on to answer: 'To what extent will THOTO succeed in curbing Pakistan's kidney trade?' This is aided by the use of a comparative case study looking at India's failed organ trade legislation. This paper concludes THOTO has set a strong basis for curbing Pakistan's kidney trade. However, for this to be successfully achieved, it needs to be implemented with strong and sustained political will, strict and efficient enforcement as well as effective monitoring and evaluation. Efforts are needed to tackle both 'supply' and 'demand' factors of Pakistan's kidney trade, with developed countries also having a responsibility to reduce the flow of citizens travelling to Pakistan to purchase a kidney.
巴基斯坦作为世界主要的“移植旅游”目的地之一，有着令人难堪的名声，主要是将本国贫困人口的肾脏买卖给富有的国际患者。在经历了近二十年要求正式禁止这种交易的压力后，巴基斯坦政府于2007年颁布了《人体器官和人体组织移植条例》（THOTO）。该条例随后经参议院通过，并于2010年3月成为法律。本文简要概述了巴基斯坦境内的器官交易情况，并分析了THOTO在禁止这种普遍行为方面的标准。接着回答问题：“THOTO在多大程度上能够成功遏制巴基斯坦的肾脏交易？”通过对印度失败的器官交易立法进行比较案例研究来辅助回答这一问题。本文得出结论，THOTO为遏制巴基斯坦的肾脏交易奠定了坚实基础。然而，要成功实现这一目标，需要有坚定且持续的政治意愿、严格高效的执法以及有效的监督和评估。需要努力解决巴基斯坦肾脏交易的“供应”和“需求”因素，发达国家也有责任减少本国公民前往巴基斯坦购买肾脏的人数。
