Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2012;26(2):239-54. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2012.659219. Epub 2012 Feb 21.
A total of 54 participants (age M = 20.9; education M = 14.9; initial Full Scale IQ M = 111.6) were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) at baseline and again either 3 or 6 months later. Scores on the Full Scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension, Working Memory, Perceptual Reasoning, Processing Speed, and General Ability Indices improved approximately 7, 5, 4, 5, 9, and 6 points, respectively, and increases were similar regardless of whether the re-examination occurred over 3- or 6-month intervals. Reliable change indices (RCI) were computed using the simple difference and bivariate regression methods, providing estimated base rates of change across time. The regression method provided more accurate estimates of reliable change than did the simple difference between baseline and follow-up scores. These findings suggest that prior exposure to the WAIS-IV results in significant score increments. These gains reflect practice effects instead of genuine intellectual changes, which may lead to errors in clinical judgment.
共有 54 名参与者（年龄 M=20.9；教育 M=14.9；初始全量表智商 M=111.6）在基线时接受了韦氏成人智力量表第四版（WAIS-IV）的测试，然后在 3 个月或 6 个月后再次接受测试。全量表智商、言语理解、工作记忆、知觉推理、加工速度和一般能力指数的得分分别提高了约 7、5、4、5、9 和 6 分，无论重新检查是在 3 个月还是 6 个月的间隔内进行，增加幅度相似。使用简单差值和双变量回归方法计算了可靠变化指数（RCI），提供了跨时间的变化估计基本比率。回归方法比基线和随访分数之间的简单差异提供了更准确的可靠变化估计。这些发现表明，先前接触 WAIS-IV 会导致分数显著增加。这些收益反映了练习效应，而不是真正的智力变化，这可能会导致临床判断错误。
