Freund L, Hintermair M
Institut für Sonderpädagogik, Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg, Keplerstr. 87, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
HNO. 2012 Apr;60(4):337-42. doi: 10.1007/s00106-011-2426-5.
To implement universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) for maximum effectiveness, it is necessary - in addition to implementing a reliable screening procedure when testing the child - to consider psycho-social factors relevant in this context. In this respect parental estimations and expectancies play an important role.
In a questionnaire survey 187 expectant mothers were asked about their knowledge and attitudes concerning UNHS, and their expectations concerning the availability of concrete support if their child were to have positive test results at the primary postnatal screening. A self-developed scale was conducted asking the mothers to make statements regarding their attitude about UNHS, possible risks (parent-child relationship, stress experiences) as well as concrete expectations concerning support (counseling, contacts with other persons concerned, informative literature).
The results show that the expectant mothers in this study expressed high approval for conducting UNHS. This is comparable with results from former studies. In addition, as many as a quarter of the expectant mothers expressed worries relating to the effects on the parent-child relationship and higher parental stress levels. In nearly all areas investigated, at least half of the expectant mothers said that providing targeted support if necessary is important to help them cope sufficiently with the challenges associated with the consequences of UNHS.
The results of this study demonstrate the importance of a reliable tracking system as required by the guidelines for using UNHS to detect children's hearing loss at an early stage. The data suggest that in order to use UNHS responsible, consultations should be offered immediately to affected families. This would allow parents to have psycho-social support available as the need arises to cope with the primary screening results; further, this support should help parents learn about other family-centered support services such as case management.
为了实现新生儿听力普遍筛查（UNHS）的最大效果，除了在检测儿童时实施可靠的筛查程序外，还必须考虑这方面相关的心理社会因素。在这方面，父母的估计和期望起着重要作用。
在一项问卷调查中，询问了187名准妈妈关于她们对新生儿听力普遍筛查的知识和态度，以及如果她们的孩子在产后初次筛查中检测结果呈阳性，她们对获得具体支持的期望。采用自行编制的量表，让母亲们就她们对新生儿听力普遍筛查的态度、可能的风险（亲子关系、压力经历）以及对支持的具体期望（咨询、与其他相关人员联系、信息文献）发表意见。
结果表明，本研究中的准妈妈对开展新生儿听力普遍筛查表示高度认可。这与以前的研究结果相当。此外，多达四分之一的准妈妈表达了对亲子关系影响和更高父母压力水平的担忧。在几乎所有调查领域，至少一半的准妈妈表示，在必要时提供有针对性的支持对于帮助她们充分应对与新生儿听力普遍筛查后果相关的挑战很重要。
本研究结果证明了指南所要求的可靠跟踪系统对于利用新生儿听力普遍筛查早期发现儿童听力损失的重要性。数据表明，为了负责任地使用新生儿听力普遍筛查，应立即为受影响家庭提供咨询。这将使父母在需要时能够获得心理社会支持以应对初次筛查结果；此外，这种支持应帮助父母了解其他以家庭为中心的支持服务，如个案管理。
