Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Mar 20;46(6):3424-32. doi: 10.1021/es300316q. Epub 2012 Mar 8.
We examined pesticide contamination in sediments from depressional playa wetlands embedded in the three dominant land-use types in the western High Plains and Rainwater Basin of the United States including cropland, perennial grassland enrolled in conservation programs (e.g., Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]), and native grassland or reference condition. Two hundred and sixty four playas, selected from the three land-use types, were sampled from Nebraska and Colorado in the north to Texas and New Mexico in the south. Sediments were examined for most of the commonly used agricultural pesticides. Atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, and trifluralin were the most commonly detected pesticides in the northern High Plains and Rainwater Basin. Atrazine, metolachlor, trifluralin, and pendimethalin were the most commonly detected pesticides in the southern High Plains. The top 5-10% of playas contained herbicide concentrations that are high enough to pose a hazard for plants. However, insecticides and fungicides were rarely detected. Pesticide occurrence and concentrations were higher in wetlands surrounded by cropland as compared to native grassland and CRP perennial grasses. The CRP, which is the largest conservation program in the U.S., was protective and had lower pesticide concentrations compared to cropland.
我们研究了美国西部高平原和雨水分区三种主要土地利用类型（耕地、参与保护计划的多年生草地[如保护储备计划（CRP）]和原生草地或参照条件）中洼地湿地沉积物中的农药污染。从北到南，从内布拉斯加州和科罗拉多州选择了 264 个洼地，这些洼地来自这三种土地利用类型。对沉积物进行了大多数常用农业农药的检测。在北高平原和雨水分区，最常见的农药是莠去津、乙草胺、甲草胺和氟乐灵。在南高平原，最常见的农药是莠去津、甲草胺、氟乐灵和二甲戊灵。前 5-10%的洼地的除草剂浓度高到足以对植物造成危害。然而，杀虫剂和杀菌剂很少被检测到。与原生草地和 CRP 多年生草地相比，耕地周围的湿地中农药的出现和浓度更高。CRP 是美国最大的保护计划，与耕地相比，其农药浓度较低，具有保护作用。
