Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Transpl Int. 2012 Apr;25(4):439-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01438.x. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
Absolute uterine factor infertility (UFI) refers to the refractory causes of female infertility stemming from the anatomical or physiological inability of a uterus to sustain gestation. Today, uterine factor infertility affects 3-5% of the population. Traditionally, although surrogacy and adoption have been the only viable options for females affected by this condition, the uterine transplant is currently under investigation as a potential medical alternative for women who desire to go through the experience of pregnancy. Although animal models have shown promising results, human transplantation cases have only been described in case reports and a successful transplant leading to gestation is yet to occur in humans. Notwithstanding the intricate medical and scientific complexities that a uterine transplant places on the medical minds of our time, ethical questions on this matter pose a similar, if not greater, challenge. In light of these facts, this article attempts to present the ethical issues in the context of experimentation and standard practice which surround this controversial and potentially paradigm-altering procedure; and given these, introduces "The Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation", a set of proposed criteria required for a woman to be ethically considered a candidate for uterine transplantation.
绝对子宫因素不孕（UFI）是指女性不孕的难治性原因，源于子宫在解剖学或生理学上无法维持妊娠。如今，子宫因素不孕影响了 3-5%的人群。传统上，尽管代孕和收养一直是受此影响的女性的唯一可行选择，但子宫移植目前正在作为一种潜在的医学替代方案进行研究，以供希望经历妊娠体验的女性选择。尽管动物模型已经显示出有前景的结果，但人类移植案例仅在病例报告中有所描述，并且人类中尚未发生成功移植导致妊娠的情况。尽管子宫移植在我们这个时代的医学思维中带来了复杂的医学和科学难题，但在这个问题上的伦理问题也构成了类似的，如果不是更大的挑战。有鉴于此，本文试图在围绕这一有争议且可能具有范式转变的手术的实验和标准实践背景下，提出其中的伦理问题；并鉴于这些问题，引入了“子宫移植伦理可行性的蒙特利尔标准”，这是一套为了让女性在伦理上被视为子宫移植候选人而需要满足的建议标准。
