South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Hanson Institute and Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012 May-Jun;40(4):341-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02773.x. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Glaucoma is a term describing a group of ocular disorders with multi-factorial etiology united by a clinically characteristic intraocular pressure-associated optic neuropathy. It is not a single entity and is sometimes referred to in the plural as the glaucomas. All forms are potentially progressive and can lead to blindness. The diverse conditions that comprise glaucoma are united by a clinically characteristic optic neuropathy: glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Evidence suggests that the primary site of neurological injury is at the optic nerve head. This fact enables the conditions to be grouped, irrespective of the causal mechanism(s). The term experimental glaucoma implies model resemblance to the human condition. We propose that 'experimental glaucoma' be restricted to animal models with demonstrable features of GON and/or evidence of a primary axonopathy at the optic nerve head. A fundamental inadequacy in this framework is any reference to the pathogenesis of GON, which remains unclear.
青光眼是一组具有多种病因的眼部疾病的统称，其特征为临床典型的眼压相关视神经病变。它不是一种单一的疾病，有时也被称为青光眼。所有类型都具有潜在的进行性，并可能导致失明。构成青光眼的各种疾病都具有临床典型的视神经病变：青光眼性视神经病变（GON）。有证据表明，神经损伤的主要部位是视神经头部。这一事实使得这些疾病能够被分组，而不论其病因机制如何。术语“实验性青光眼”意味着与人类疾病的模型相似。我们建议将“实验性青光眼”限制在具有可证明的 GON 特征和/或视神经头部原发性轴突病变证据的动物模型中。该框架中的一个基本缺陷是对 GON 发病机制的任何提及，目前仍不清楚。
