Brunker P A R, Flegel W A
Laboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Immunohematology. 2011;27(2):41-57.
The Scianna system was named in 1974 when it was appreciated that two antibodies described in 1962 in fact identified antithetical antigens. However, it was not until 2003 that the protein on which antigens of this system are found and the first molecular variants were described. Scianna was the last previously serologically defined, protein-based blood group system to be characterized at the molecular level, marking the end of an era in immunohematology. This story highlights the critical role that availability of laboratory reagents for serologic testing has played in the initial characterization of a blood group and sets the stage for the development of new reagents, such as recombinant proteins, to assist in this process. The central role that genetics has played, both by classical pedigree analysis and by molecular techniques, in the discovery and characterization of this blood group is reviewed.
1974年，当人们认识到1962年描述的两种抗体实际上识别的是对立抗原时，斯恰纳（Scianna）系统被命名。然而，直到2003年，才描述了该系统抗原所在的蛋白质及首个分子变体。斯恰纳系统是此前最后一个在分子水平上得以鉴定的、基于蛋白质的血清学定义血型系统，标志着免疫血液学一个时代的结束。这个故事凸显了血清学检测实验室试剂的可用性在血型初步鉴定中所起的关键作用，并为新型试剂（如重组蛋白）的开发奠定了基础，以协助这一过程。本文回顾了遗传学通过经典系谱分析和分子技术在该血型的发现和鉴定中所起的核心作用。
