School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012 Feb;34(1):16-36. doi: 10.1123/jsep.34.1.16.
The purposes of the current study were to identify mental toughness profiles in adolescent cricketers and examine differences between these profiles on developmental assets and negative emotional states. A sample of 226 community cricketers (125 New Zealanders and 101 Australians; male n = 210) aged between 10 and 18 years (M(age) = 14.41 years; SD = 2.11) completed a multisection, online survey containing measures of mental toughness, developmental assets, and negative emotional states. The results of hierarchical (Ward's method) and nonhierarchical (k means) cluster analyses revealed three mental toughness profiles characterized by low, moderate, and high levels of all five mental toughness assets (i.e., affective intelligence, desire to achieve, self-belief, attentional control, resilience). Those cricketers with high levels of mental toughness reported possession of more developmental assets and lower levels of negative emotional states when compared with cricketers with the moderate levels of mental toughness. No statistically significant differences existed between the moderate and low levels of mental toughness profiles. These findings provided preliminary evidence to suggest that mental toughness might be viewed not only from the traditional view of optimal performance but also from a stance that may represent a contextually salient representation of thriving in youth sport settings.
本研究旨在确定青少年板球运动员的心理韧性特征，并探讨这些特征在发展资产和消极情绪状态方面的差异。研究选取了 226 名社区板球运动员（125 名新西兰人和 101 名澳大利亚人；男性 n=210），年龄在 10 至 18 岁之间（M(年龄)=14.41 岁；SD=2.11），完成了一份多部分、在线调查，其中包括心理韧性、发展资产和消极情绪状态的测量。分层（Ward 法）和非分层（k 均值）聚类分析的结果显示，有三种心理韧性特征，表现为所有五项心理韧性资产（即情感智力、成就欲望、自我信念、注意力控制和适应力）的低、中、高水平。与具有中等水平心理韧性的板球运动员相比，高水平心理韧性的板球运动员报告拥有更多的发展资产，并且消极情绪状态水平较低。在中等水平和低水平的心理韧性特征之间不存在统计学上的显著差异。这些发现初步证明，心理韧性不仅可以从最佳表现的传统观点来看待，还可以从代表青年体育环境中蓬勃发展的情境相关表现的立场来看待。
