Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Apr;94(1):11-28. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-3929-z. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
Challenging tasks, increasing demands, and new generations of powerful analytical instruments initiated considerable progress in aquatic environmental analysis and led to a considerable improvement of analytical performance during the last few years. The ever growing number of emerging pollutants is tackled by specific and highly sensitive analytical methods with detection limits of a few nanogram per liter and even lower. Wide-scope monitoring techniques and multiclass and multiresidue analysis allow for the simultaneous determination of hundreds of compounds. The high mass resolution capability and mass accuracy of advanced mass spectrometric instruments, i.e., time-of-flight (TOF) MS or Fourier transform (FT)-Orbitrap MS, enable combined target and non-target analysis, including the identification of metabolites and abiotic degradation products. This minireview highlights some of the most recent developments in the trace analysis of important organic water pollutants and focuses on some specific groups of emerging contaminants, i.e., pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, disinfection by-products, surfactants, per- and polyfluorinated compounds, benzotriazoles, and benzothiazoles, as well as on the identification of transformation products and on non-target analysis. References were selected according to their exemplary and innovative character and to their practical relevance.
具有挑战性的任务、日益增长的需求以及新一代强大的分析仪器在过去几年中推动了水生环境分析的显著进展，并显著提高了分析性能。针对新兴污染物数量不断增加的问题，人们采用了具有纳克每升甚至更低检测限的特定和高灵敏度的分析方法来解决。广谱监测技术和多类及多残留分析可同时测定数百种化合物。先进质谱仪器（如飞行时间 (TOF) MS 或傅里叶变换 (FT)-Orbitrap MS）具有高分辨率和质量精度的能力，可进行目标和非目标分析，包括代谢物和非生物降解产物的鉴定。本文综述了痕量分析重要有机水污染物的最新进展，重点介绍了一些特定的新兴污染物类别，如药物、阻燃剂、消毒副产物、表面活性剂、全氟和多氟化合物、苯并三唑和苯并噻唑，以及转化产物的鉴定和非目标分析。参考文献的选择依据是其具有典范性和创新性，以及其实用相关性。
