Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Physiology and Integrative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1240:E1-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06374.x.
Vitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide. Ultraviolet rays are supposed to provide humans over 80% of our vitamin D requirement; the rest is received through diet and supplements. In addition to enhancing calcium absorption from the intestine and mineralization of the osteoid tissue, vitamin D has many other physiological effects, including neuromodulation, improving muscle strength and coordination, insulin release, immunity and prevention of infections, and curtailing cancer. Whether the increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency is related to increased incidences of nonskeletal disorders remains to be determined. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] above 30 ng/mL indicate vitamin D sufficiency. An additional 1,000 IU of vitamin D/day is sufficient for most lighter-skinned individuals, whereas an extra 2,000 IU/day is needed by the elderly and dark-skinned individuals to maintain normal 25(OH)D levels. Additional research is needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D and the nonskeletal systems, nonclassic functions, and targets of vitamin D.
维生素 D 缺乏症在全球范围内日益增多。紫外线被认为能为人类提供 80%以上的维生素 D 需求；其余部分则通过饮食和补充剂获得。除了促进肠道钙吸收和类骨质组织矿化外，维生素 D 还有许多其他生理作用，包括神经调节、增强肌肉力量和协调性、胰岛素释放、免疫和抗感染以及抑制癌症。维生素 D 缺乏症发病率的增加是否与非骨骼疾病发病率的增加有关，还有待确定。血清 25-羟维生素 [25(OH)D] 水平高于 30ng/ml 表示维生素 D 充足。大多数皮肤较浅的人每天需要额外摄入 1000IU 的维生素 D，而老年人和皮肤较深的人则需要每天额外摄入 2000IU 的维生素 D，以维持正常的 25(OH)D 水平。需要进一步研究来阐明维生素 D 与非骨骼系统、非经典功能和维生素 D 的靶标之间的关系。
