Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal.
J Water Health. 2012 Mar;10(1):1-10. doi: 10.2166/wh.2011.002.
This study aimed at assessing the role of ubiquitous (non-Escherichia coli) Enterobacteriaceae in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance through the urban water cycle. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (111 isolates), urban water streams (33 isolates) and drinking water (123 isolates) were compared in terms of: (i) genera distribution, (ii) resistance to 12 antibiotics, and (iii) class 1 and class 2 integrons. The predominant bacterial genera were the same in the different types of water, although with a distinct pattern of species. The most prevalent resistance phenotypes were observed for amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin and sulphamethoxazole (24-59% in the three types of water). No resistance against ceftazidime or meropenem was observed. Resistance to cephalothin, amoxicillin and sulphamethoxazole was significantly more prevalent in drinking water, water streams and wastewater, respectively, than in the other types of water. It was possible to recognize antibiotic-resistance associations, namely for the pairs streptomycin-tetracycline (positive) and ticarcillin-cephalotin (negative). Class 1 and/or class 2 integrons with similar gene cassettes were detected in the three types of water. This study demonstrated that Enterobacteriaceae are important vehicles of antibiotic resistance, namely in drinking water.
本研究旨在评估普遍存在的（非大肠杆菌）肠杆菌科在城市水循环中传播抗生素耐药性的作用。从城市污水处理厂（111 株）、城市水流（33 株）和饮用水（123 株）中分离出的肠杆菌科进行了比较，比较内容包括：（i）属分布，（ii）对 12 种抗生素的耐药性，以及（iii）1 类和 2 类整合子。不同类型的水中存在相同的主要细菌属，但物种分布模式不同。最常见的耐药表型见于阿莫西林、替卡西林、头孢噻吩和磺胺甲恶唑（三种水样中的耐药率为 24-59%）。未观察到对头孢他啶或美罗培南的耐药性。头孢噻吩、阿莫西林和磺胺甲恶唑的耐药性在饮用水、水流和污水中分别比在其他类型的水中更为普遍。可以识别抗生素耐药性的关联，即链霉素-四环素（阳性）和替卡西林-头孢噻吩（阴性）。在三种水样中均检测到具有相似基因盒的 1 类和/或 2 类整合子。本研究表明，肠杆菌科是抗生素耐药性的重要载体，尤其是在饮用水中。
