Depta Julia, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina
Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-412, Poland.
Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Apr 3;16:1979-1995. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S369023. eCollection 2023.
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a global problem in human and animal health. This leads to a reduction in the therapeutic effectiveness of the measures used so far and to the limitation of treatment options, which may pose a threat to human health and life. The problem of phenomenon of antibiotic resistance affects more and more the polar regions. This is due to the increase in tourist traffic and the number of people staying at research stations, unmodernised sewage systems in inhabited areas, as well as the migration of animals or the movement of microplastics, which may contain resistant bacteria. Research shows that the presence of antibiotic resistance genes is more dominant in zones of human and wildlife influence than in remote areas. In a polluted environment, there is evidence of a direct correlation between human activity and the spread and survival of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Attention should be paid to the presence of resistance to synthetic and semi-synthetic antibiotics in the polar regions, which is likely to be correlated with human presence and activity, and possible steps to be taken. We need to understand many more aspects of this, such as bacterial epigenetics and environmental stress, in order to develop effective strategies for minimizing the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Studying the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in regions with less anthropogenic activity could provide insight into the diversity of primary genes and explain the historical evolution of antibiotic resistance.
抗生素耐药性的日益普遍是人类和动物健康领域的一个全球性问题。这导致了迄今为止所采用措施的治疗效果降低，并限制了治疗选择，可能对人类健康和生命构成威胁。抗生素耐药现象问题越来越多地影响到极地地区。这是由于旅游流量增加、研究站停留人数增多、有人居住地区的污水系统未实现现代化，以及动物迁移或可能含有耐药细菌的微塑料移动所致。研究表明，与偏远地区相比，抗生素耐药基因在人类和野生动物影响区域更为普遍。在受污染的环境中，有证据表明人类活动与抗生素耐药细菌的传播和存活之间存在直接关联。应关注极地地区对合成和半合成抗生素的耐药情况，这可能与人类的存在和活动相关，以及可能采取的措施。为了制定有效策略以尽量减少抗生素耐药基因的传播，我们需要了解更多相关方面，如细菌表观遗传学和环境压力。研究人为活动较少地区抗生素耐药基因的多样性和丰度，有助于深入了解原始基因的多样性，并解释抗生素耐药性的历史演变。
