Department of Economics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
J Water Health. 2012 Mar;10(1):56-68. doi: 10.2166/wh.2011.097.
We examine factors that explain consumer spending on tap water substitutes using information from a national survey undertaken with a representative set of Canadian respondents. We develop a model to predict the percentage of households that undertake such spending for the purpose of reducing perceived health risks from tap water consumption. Using results from the model we estimate the magnitude of defensive expenditures to be over half a billion dollars (2010 US$) per year for Canada, as a whole. This is equivalent to approximately $48 per household per year or about $19 per person per year. Residents of Ontario, the province in which an Escherichia coli incident took place in 2000, have the highest willingness-to-pay of approximately $60 per household per year.
我们利用一项全国性调查的代表性加拿大受访者的信息，考察了影响消费者购买自来水替代品的因素。我们建立了一个模型来预测为降低对自来水中有害物质的担忧而进行此类消费的家庭比例。利用模型的结果，我们估计加拿大每年的防御性支出超过 5 亿加元（2010 年的美元），相当于每户每年约 48 加元，或每人每年约 19 加元。2000 年安大略省曾发生过大肠杆菌事件，该省居民的支付意愿最高，约为每户每年 60 加元。
