Tinley Christopher, Grötte Rhian
University of Cape Town and the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, South Africa.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2012 Apr;19(2):89-94. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2011.645107. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
To examine the types of comitant horizontal strabismus in children belonging to the two largest ethnic groups of the Western Cape, South Africa.
Retrospective review of 2371 children presenting with comitant horizontal strabismus to a single, large, pediatric tertiary referral center in Cape Town, South Africa, between 1997 and 2007.
81% of children were of mixed race and 19% were black. The overall esotropia:exotropia ratio was 73:27. For black children this was 85:15 and for mixed race, 71:29. The overwhelming majority of black children had congenital esotropias (74%), whereas accommodative esotropia was rare (9%). In mixed race children, esotopias were more equally divided between congenital (46%) and accommodative types (35%). Exotropias were uncommon in black children, and were mainly constant (61%). Intermittent exotropias predominated in mixed race children (55%).
Congenital esotropia remains common in South African black children, and of the few who presented with exotropia, most had constant type. Accommodative esotropias were more prevalent in South African mixed race children, but in smaller proportions than in other studies. Exotropias were mostly intermittent in this ethnic group, and showed a similar profile to that in white American children.
研究南非西开普省两个最大种族儿童的共同性水平斜视类型。
回顾性分析1997年至2007年间在南非开普敦一家大型儿科三级转诊中心就诊的2371例共同性水平斜视儿童。
81%的儿童为混血儿，19%为黑人。内斜视与外斜视的总体比例为73:27。黑人儿童中这一比例为85:15，混血儿为71:29。绝大多数黑人儿童患有先天性内斜视（74%），而调节性内斜视很少见（9%）。在混血儿儿童中，内斜视在先天性（46%）和调节性类型（35%）之间分布更为均衡。外斜视在黑人儿童中不常见，主要为恒定性（61%）。间歇性外斜视在混血儿儿童中占主导（55%）。
先天性内斜视在南非黑人儿童中仍然很常见，在少数患有外斜视的儿童中，大多数为恒定性类型。调节性内斜视在南非混血儿儿童中更为普遍，但比例低于其他研究。在这个种族群体中，外斜视大多为间歇性，与美国白人儿童的情况相似。
