Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Res. 2012 May 30;197(3):275-9. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.09.018. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
Previous findings suggest that personality traits and dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions may perpetuate insomnia, but findings concerning this have been scarce. Thus, we hypothesized that personality and sleep-related cognitions influence the severity of insomnia, and investigated the association personality and sleep-related cognitions had with various sleep-related parameters, including severity of insomnia. Forty-four patients with psychophysiological insomnia were assessed using The Temperament and Character Inventory, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Dysfunctional Belief and Attitudes toward Sleep Scale, the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Insomnia severity was significantly and positively correlated with harm avoidance, self-transcendence and sleep-related cognitions, and negatively correlated with novelty seeking, reward dependence, and cooperativeness. Dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions were positively correlated with insomnia severity and sleep quality. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that sleep-related cognitions, depression and reward dependence scores were significant determinants of insomnia severity, and that sleep-related cognitions and self-transcendence were significant positive determinants of sleep quality. Reward dependence, depression and sleep-related cognitions were associated with insomnia severity, and comparison with previous findings implied that 'internalizing behavior' and depression may be more plausible candidates for the link between personality and insomnia than anxiety. Considering the major role of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) in the treatment of insomnia, assessment of these factors and management of sleep-related cognitions may help alleviate symptoms in patients with insomnia.
先前的研究结果表明，人格特质和与睡眠相关的认知功能障碍可能会使失眠持续存在，但这方面的研究结果还很少。因此，我们假设人格特质和与睡眠相关的认知功能会影响失眠的严重程度，并研究人格特质和与睡眠相关的认知功能与各种睡眠相关参数之间的关系，包括失眠的严重程度。我们使用特质和性格问卷、失眠严重程度指数、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、Epworth 嗜睡量表、睡眠障碍信念和态度量表、睡前觉醒量表和医院焦虑和抑郁量表对 44 名心理生理性失眠患者进行了评估。失眠严重程度与回避、自我超越和与睡眠相关的认知功能呈显著正相关，与寻求新奇、奖赏依赖和合作性呈显著负相关。与睡眠相关的认知功能与失眠严重程度和睡眠质量呈正相关。逐步多元回归分析显示，与睡眠相关的认知功能、抑郁和奖赏依赖得分是失眠严重程度的显著决定因素，与睡眠相关的认知功能和自我超越是睡眠质量的显著正决定因素。奖赏依赖、抑郁和与睡眠相关的认知功能与失眠严重程度有关，与先前的研究结果相比，“内向行为”和抑郁可能比焦虑更有可能成为人格与失眠之间的联系。鉴于认知行为治疗（CBT）在失眠治疗中的重要作用，评估这些因素和管理与睡眠相关的认知功能可能有助于缓解失眠患者的症状。
