Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Apr 3;46(7):3737-43. doi: 10.1021/es203552p. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
We investigated the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill on two dominant coastal saltmarsh plants, Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico and the processes controlling differential species-effects and recovery. Seven months after the Macondo MC 252 oil made landfall along the shoreline salt marshes of northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana, concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the surface 2 cm of heavily oiled marsh soils were as high as 510 mg g(-1). Heavy oiling caused almost complete mortality of both species. However, moderate oiling impacted Spartina less severely than Juncus and, relative to the reference marshes, had no significant effect on Spartina while significantly lowering live aboveground biomass and stem density of Juncus. A greenhouse mesocosm study supported field results and indicated that S. alterniflora was much more tolerant to shoot oil coverage than J. roemerianus. Spartina recovered from as much as 100% oil coverage of shoots in 7 months; however, Juncus recovered to a much lesser extent. Soil-oiling significantly affected both species. Severe impacts of the Macondo oil to coastal marsh vegetation most likely resulted from oil exposure of the shoots and oil contact on/in the marsh soil, as well as repeated oiling events.
我们调查了墨西哥湾北部两种主要滨海盐沼植物——互花米草和柳枝稷——受到深水地平线（DWH）溢油事件的影响，以及控制物种效应差异和恢复的过程。在马孔多 MC252 号油井沿着路易斯安那州巴拉塔里亚湾北部滨海盐沼登陆七个月后，重度油污沼泽土壤表面 2 厘米处的总石油烃浓度高达 510 毫克/克。重度油污几乎导致了这两个物种的全部死亡。然而，中度油污对互花米草的影响没有柳枝稷严重，与对照沼泽相比，互花米草的地上生物量和柳枝稷的茎密度没有显著降低，但对柳枝稷的影响显著。温室中观测试验支持了野外研究结果，并表明互花米草对茎叶油污的耐受性远高于柳枝稷。互花米草在 7 个月内从高达 100%的茎叶油污中恢复；然而，柳枝稷的恢复程度要低得多。土壤油污对这两个物种都有显著影响。马孔多油井对滨海沼泽植被的严重影响可能是由于茎叶暴露于油中以及油污与沼泽土壤接触，以及反复的油污事件。
