Anderson Lynley, Snelling Jeanne, Tomlins-Jahnke Huia
Bioethics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012 Jun;52(3):253-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2012.01419.x. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
Commercial surrogacy is prohibited in New Zealand by the Human Assisted Reproductive Technology Act 2004 (HART Act). However, altruistic clinic-assisted surrogacy is permitted. Couples wishing to attempt altruistic surrogacy must apply for approval to a statutorily appointed ethics committee. One of seven principles that underpin the HART Act stipulates that the needs, values and beliefs of Maori (NZ's indigenous population) should be considered and treated with respect.
This paper reviews the outcomes of surrogacy applications since the HART Act was established and the uptake of surrogacy by Maori.
The authors examined the demographic data provided to the ethics committee by way of surrogacy applications and the outcome data provided by fertility clinics. This paper reviews the outcomes for surrogacy applications: the number accepted/declined, the number of live births, those applications discontinued and uptake by Maori.
Of 104 applications for surrogacy between 2005 and 2010, 4 (3.8%) were declined. By July 2011, of 100 approved, there have been 26 (26%) live births; 52 (52%) were discontinued, and 22 (22%) remain ongoing. Maori are much less likely to utilise surrogacy. Of the 104 original applications, 9 (8.6%) Maori women were willing to act as a surrogate, and 2 (1.9%) were intended mothers. 7 (6.7%) Maori were partners of a surrogate, with 2 (1.9%) intending mothers having Maori partners.
The process of surrogacy applications is comprehensive and robust, resulting in few being declined. Further research is required to discover why applications are discontinued and why, despite explicit attempts to meet the needs of Maori, few utilise surrogacy.
2004年的《人类辅助生殖技术法案》（HART法案）禁止在新西兰进行商业代孕。然而，利他性诊所辅助代孕是被允许的。希望尝试利他性代孕的夫妇必须向法定任命的伦理委员会申请批准。构成HART法案基础的七项原则之一规定，毛利人（新西兰的原住民）的需求、价值观和信仰应得到尊重和考虑。
本文回顾了HART法案制定以来代孕申请的结果以及毛利人对代孕的接受情况。
作者审查了通过代孕申请提供给伦理委员会的人口统计数据以及生育诊所提供的结果数据。本文回顾了代孕申请的结果：被接受/拒绝的数量、活产数量、中止的申请数量以及毛利人的接受情况。
在2005年至2010年期间的104份代孕申请中，4份（3.8%）被拒绝。到2011年7月，在100份获批申请中，有26例（26%）活产；52例（52%）被中止，22例（22%）仍在进行中。毛利人使用代孕的可能性要小得多。在104份原始申请中，9名（8.6%）毛利女性愿意担任代孕母亲，2名（1.9%）是意向母亲。7名（6.7%）毛利人是代孕母亲的伴侣，2名（1.9%）意向母亲有毛利伴侣。
代孕申请过程全面且严格，导致被拒绝的申请很少。需要进一步研究以发现申请为何被中止，以及尽管明确努力满足毛利人的需求，但为何很少有人使用代孕。
