Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Apr 1;421-422:210-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.041. Epub 2012 Feb 25.
The present paper analyzed the environmental assessment of short rotation willow plantations in Sweden based on the standard framework of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) from the International Standards Organisation. The analysis is focused on two alternative management regimes for willow plantations dedicated to biomass production for energy purposes. The data used included the averages of a large sample of commercial plantations. One of the scenarios is carried out under nitrogen based fertilized conditions and the other under non-fertilized management with total biomass yields (dry weight) of 140t/ha and 86t/ha over a 21 and 22-year life time respectively. The environmental profile was analyzed in terms of the potentials for abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone layer depletion, photochemical oxidant formation, human toxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. In addition, an energy analysis was performed using the cumulative energy demand method (CED). The application of nitrogen based fertilizers allows an increase in the biomass yield per ha of up to 40% although the contributions to almost all impact categories, particularly the eutrophication potential and toxicity potential impact categories are also considerably higher. Conversely, due to the higher biomass yields achieved with fertilization of these willow plantations, that regime presents a better overall environmental profile in terms of energy yield and global warming potential.
本文基于国际标准化组织（ISO）的生命周期评估（LCA）标准框架，分析了瑞典短轮伐期柳树人工林的环境评估。该分析集中于两种用于生物质生产能源的柳树人工林的替代管理模式。所使用的数据包括大量商业人工林的平均值。一个情景是在基于氮的施肥条件下进行的，另一个是在不施肥管理下进行的，生物量总产量（干重）分别为 140t/ha 和 86t/ha，生命周期分别为 21 年和 22 年。环境状况是根据非生物耗竭、酸化、富营养化、全球变暖、臭氧层消耗、光化学氧化剂形成、人类毒性、淡水水生生态毒性、海洋水生生态毒性和陆地生态毒性的潜力进行分析的。此外，还使用累积能源需求方法（CED）进行了能源分析。尽管基于氮的肥料的使用对几乎所有的影响类别，特别是富营养化潜力和毒性潜在影响类别都有相当大的贡献，但它可以将每公顷的生物量产量提高高达 40%。相反，由于这些柳树人工林施肥后生物量产量较高，因此在能源产量和全球变暖潜力方面，该管理模式具有更好的整体环境状况。
