Plaza-Bolaños Patricia, Padilla-Sánchez Juan Antonio, Garrido-Frenich Antonia, Romero-González Roberto, Martínez-Vidal José Luis
Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry, Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
J Environ Monit. 2012 Apr;14(4):1182-9. doi: 10.1039/c2em10993j. Epub 2012 Feb 27.
A comprehensive survey of the occurrence and fate of pesticides and organic contaminants in soils from an intensive agricultural area devoted to horticultural production in plastic-based greenhouses has been performed to determine if the operation under integrated pest management practices has contributed to reduce the levels of these compounds. Almería province (south-eastern Spain) was selected for the case study. 38 agricultural soil samples (each sample corresponds to an independent private greenhouse) of areas working under integrated pest management (IPM) programs have been analyzed in order to evaluate their contamination fate. Sampling was designed to cover an area of about 400 km(2). Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenolic compounds and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were monitored. The obtained results were compared to other studies reported in Spain and Europe. Among relevant persistent pesticides, DDTs and endosulfans were mainly found and the results indicated historical application, although recent application of endosulfan was rarely detected. PAHs were also found but to a lesser extent and derived from pyrogenic sources. DEHP levels were considerably higher in comparison to the other monitored analytes. The evaluation revealed that despite the use of IPM programs, pesticide and organic contaminants are still being detected in this type of agricultural soil, although at relatively low concentration levels. In general, the contamination rate was similar or lower in comparison to other agricultural areas from nearby regions or countries. However, further monitoring studies should be carried out to establish the possible reduction in contamination by the selected compounds.
对一个专门从事塑料大棚园艺生产的集约化农业区土壤中农药和有机污染物的发生与归宿进行了全面调查，以确定综合虫害管理措施的实施是否有助于降低这些化合物的含量。选择西班牙东南部的阿尔梅里亚省作为案例研究对象。对38个采用综合虫害管理（IPM）计划的农业土壤样本（每个样本对应一个独立的私人温室）进行了分析，以评估其污染情况。采样设计覆盖面积约400平方公里。监测了农药、多环芳烃（PAHs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）、酚类化合物和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）。将所得结果与西班牙和欧洲报道的其他研究进行了比较。在相关的持久性农药中，主要发现了滴滴涕和硫丹，结果表明存在历史使用情况，尽管很少检测到近期使用硫丹的情况。也发现了多环芳烃，但程度较轻，且来源于热解源。与其他监测分析物相比，DEHP的含量要高得多。评估显示，尽管采用了IPM计划，但在这类农业土壤中仍能检测到农药和有机污染物，不过浓度相对较低。总体而言，与附近地区或国家的其他农业区相比，污染率相似或更低。然而，应开展进一步的监测研究，以确定所选化合物可能减少的污染情况。
