Schuh Amber L, Audhya Anjon
Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School, 1300 University Avenue, WI, 53706, Madison, USA.
Subcell Biochem. 2012;59:35-63. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-3015-1_2.
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is distinct from other phospholipids, possessing a head group that can be modified by phosphorylation at multiple positions to generate unique signaling molecules collectively known as phosphoinositides. The set of kinases and phosphatases that regulate PI metabolism are conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, and numerous studies have demonstrated that phosphoinositides regulate a diverse spectrum of cellular processes, including vesicle transport, cell proliferation, and cytoskeleton organization. Over the past two decades, nearly all PI derivatives have been shown to interact directly with cellular proteins to affect their localization and/or activity. Additionally, there is growing evidence, which suggests that phosphoinositides may also affect local membrane topology. Here, we focus on the role of phosphoinositides in membrane trafficking and underscore the significant role that yeast has played in the field.
磷脂酰肌醇（PI）与其他磷脂不同，其头部基团可在多个位置进行磷酸化修饰，从而产生统称为磷酸肌醇的独特信号分子。调节PI代谢的激酶和磷酸酶在整个真核生物进化过程中都是保守的，大量研究表明，磷酸肌醇调节多种细胞过程，包括囊泡运输、细胞增殖和细胞骨架组织。在过去二十年中，几乎所有PI衍生物都已被证明可直接与细胞蛋白相互作用，以影响其定位和/或活性。此外，越来越多的证据表明，磷酸肌醇也可能影响局部膜拓扑结构。在这里，我们重点关注磷酸肌醇在膜运输中的作用，并强调酵母在该领域所起的重要作用。
