Bauermann Fernando V, Flores Eduardo F, Ridpath Julia F
Federal University of Santa Maria, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Virus Section, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2012 Mar;24(2):253-61. doi: 10.1177/1040638711435144.
The emergence of a newly recognized group of pestiviruses in cattle, the HoBi-like viruses, requires an evaluation of the available diagnostic tools and vaccines. The present study compared antigenic characteristics of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1, -2) strains and HoBi virus. This comparison was based on detection of HoBi virus and antibodies against it by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and the level of cross-neutralizing antibodies present in sera from animals vaccinated with BVDV. Reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed greater cross-reactivity between BVDV species (BVDV-1, -2) and HoBi epitopes within E(rns) and NS2/3 proteins than between epitopes located in the E2 glycoprotein. The results suggest that a diagnostic test designed to detect both BVDV species and HoBi could be based on E(rns) or NS2/3 epitopes, while variation among E2 epitopes could be exploited in tests for differentiation of pestivirus species. The threshold of detection of HoBi virus by an antigen-capture ELISA kit based on detection of E(rns) was statistically similar to that for BVDV. In contrast, 2 commercial ELISA kits designed to detect antibodies against BVDV missed 22.2% and 77.7%, respectively, of serum samples harboring HoBi virus-neutralizing antibodies. In addition, sera of calves vaccinated with BVDV-1 and -2 presented low neutralizing activity against HoBi virus. The results demonstrate that in spite of antigenic similarities, HoBi virus is antigenically distinct from both BVDV species. Detection and control of HoBi virus infections in cattle would thus require the development of new diagnostic reagents and reformulation of current vaccines.
牛群中一类新发现的瘟病毒——类HoBi病毒的出现，需要对现有的诊断工具和疫苗进行评估。本研究比较了牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型和2型（BVDV - 1、- 2）毒株与HoBi病毒的抗原特性。该比较基于通过商业酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测HoBi病毒及其抗体，以及接种BVDV的动物血清中存在的交叉中和抗体水平。与一组单克隆抗体（mAb）的反应性显示，BVDV各型（BVDV - 1、- 2）与E(rns)和NS2/3蛋白中的HoBi表位之间的交叉反应性，高于E2糖蛋白中表位之间的交叉反应性。结果表明，旨在检测BVDV各型和HoBi的诊断试验可基于E(rns)或NS2/3表位，而E2表位之间的差异可用于瘟病毒种属鉴别试验。基于检测E(rns)的抗原捕获ELISA试剂盒对HoBi病毒的检测阈值在统计学上与BVDV相似。相比之下，2种用于检测抗BVDV抗体的商业ELISA试剂盒，分别漏检了22.2%和77.7%携带HoBi病毒中和抗体的血清样本。此外，接种BVDV - 1和 - 2的犊牛血清对HoBi病毒的中和活性较低。结果表明，尽管存在抗原相似性，但HoBi病毒在抗原性上与BVDV的两个种均不同。因此，检测和控制牛群中的HoBi病毒感染需要开发新的诊断试剂并重新配制现有疫苗。
