Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom E-mail:
Evolution. 2012 Mar;66(3):665-677. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01468.x. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
Natural and sexual selection are classically thought to oppose one another, and although there is evidence for this, direct experimental demonstrations of this antagonism are largely lacking. Here, we assessed the effects of sexual and natural selection on the evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), a character subject to both modes of selection, in Drosophila simulans. Natural selection and sexual selection were manipulated in a fully factorial design, and after 27 generations of experimental evolution, the responses of male and female CHCs were assessed. The effects of natural and sexual selection differed greatly across the sexes. The responses of female CHCs were generally small, but CHCs evolved predominantly in the direction of natural selection. For males, profiles evolved via sexual and natural selection, as well as through the interaction between the two, with some male CHC components only evolving in the direction of natural selection when sexual selection was relaxed. These results indicate sex-specific responses to selection, and that sexual and natural selection act antagonistically for at least some combinations of CHCs.
自然选择和性选择被认为是相互对立的，尽管有证据表明这一点，但直接的实验证明这种拮抗作用在很大程度上是缺乏的。在这里，我们评估了性选择和自然选择对表皮碳氢化合物（CHC）进化的影响，CHC 是一种受到这两种选择模式影响的特征，在 Drosophila simulans 中。在完全因子设计中操纵自然选择和性选择，经过 27 代的实验进化，评估了雄性和雌性 CHC 的反应。自然选择和性选择对两性的影响有很大的不同。雌性 CHC 的反应通常较小，但 CHC 主要朝着自然选择的方向进化。对于雄性，CHC 图谱通过性选择和自然选择进化，以及两者之间的相互作用进化，当性选择放松时，只有一些雄性 CHC 成分才朝着自然选择的方向进化。这些结果表明对选择有特定性别的反应，并且性选择和自然选择至少在某些 CHC 组合下是拮抗的。
