Baird-Heinz Hope E, Van Schoick A'ndrea L, Pelsor Francis R, Ranivand Lauren, Hungerford Laura L
Center for Veterinary Medicine, US FDA, 7519 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012 Mar 15;240(6):705-15. doi: 10.2460/javma.240.6.705.
To critically evaluate and summarize available information on the safety of potassium bromide in dogs.
Systematic review.
111 references reporting safety information relevant to potassium bromide published between 1938 and 2011.
PubMed searches without date limitations were conducted with the terms "potassium bromide" and "sodium bromide" in December 2009 and October 2011. Additional articles were identified through examination of article reference lists and book chapters on seizures in dogs and pharmacology.
Reversible neurologic signs were the most consistently reported toxicoses and were generally associated with adjunctive potassium bromide treatment or high serum bromide concentrations. Dermatologic and respiratory abnormalities were rare in dogs. Insufficient information was available to assess the effects of potassium bromide on behavior or to determine the incidence of vomiting, weight gain, polyphagia, pancreatitis, polyuria, polydipsia, or reproductive abnormalities associated with potassium bromide administration. Evidence suggested that administration of potassium bromide with food may alleviate gastrointestinal irritation and that monitoring for polyphagia, thyroid hormone abnormalities, and high serum bromide concentrations may be beneficial.
Results suggested that potassium bromide is not an appropriate choice for treatment of every dog with seizures and that practitioners should tailor therapeutic regimens and clinical monitoring to each dog. Abrupt dietary changes or fluid therapy may compromise seizure control or increase the likelihood of adverse events. Availability of an appropriately labeled, approved potassium bromide product could provide better assurance for veterinarians and their clients of the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the product for veterinary use.
严格评估并总结关于犬用溴化钾安全性的现有信息。
系统评价。
1938年至2011年间发表的111篇报告溴化钾相关安全信息的参考文献。
2009年12月和2011年10月，在PubMed上使用“溴化钾”和“溴化钠”这两个检索词进行无日期限制的检索。通过查阅犬癫痫和药理学方面的文章参考文献列表及书籍章节，确定了其他文章。
可逆性神经症状是最常报告的中毒反应，通常与辅助使用溴化钾治疗或高血清溴化物浓度有关。犬的皮肤和呼吸异常情况罕见。现有信息不足以评估溴化钾对行为的影响，也无法确定与溴化钾给药相关的呕吐、体重增加、多食、胰腺炎、多尿、多饮或生殖异常的发生率。有证据表明，与食物一起服用溴化钾可能减轻胃肠道刺激，监测多食、甲状腺激素异常和高血清溴化物浓度可能有益。
结果表明，溴化钾并非适用于每一只癫痫犬的治疗选择，从业者应根据每只犬的情况制定治疗方案并进行临床监测。突然改变饮食或进行液体疗法可能会影响癫痫控制或增加不良事件发生的可能性。提供带有适当标签的、经批准用于兽医临床的溴化钾产品，可为兽医及其客户提供更好的质量、安全性和有效性保证。
