SERAF-Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Kirkevn 166, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Aug 1;124(3):307-10. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
Although opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) has been found to reduce crime, less is known about its associations with violent crime. This study investigates changes in violent crime convictions prior to, during, and after OMT, and examines the relationship between violent crime convictions prior to OMT with the risk of violent and non-violent crime convictions during treatment.
The cohort comprised all who started OMT (n=3221) in Norway between 1997 and 2003. Treatment data were cross linked with the national Crime Registry. Convictions for violent crime 3 years prior to, during, and after treatment were studied.
Violent crime rates were significantly reduced during OMT compared with before treatment, for both men and women. The rate of convictions for violent crime during OMT was halved amongst those who remained in treatment. The reduction was less pronounced for those who left treatment: for this group, the rate of violent convictions after OMT was higher than before treatment. The risk of convictions for violent and non-violent crime during OMT was highest for those with violent convictions prior to treatment.
Violent crime is reduced during OMT. Screening for violent behaviour and violence risk assessment should be implemented in the treatment system.
虽然阿片类药物维持治疗（OMT）已被发现可减少犯罪，但对于其与暴力犯罪的关联了解较少。本研究调查了 OMT 之前、期间和之后暴力犯罪定罪的变化，并研究了 OMT 之前的暴力犯罪定罪与治疗期间暴力和非暴力犯罪定罪风险之间的关系。
该队列包括 1997 年至 2003 年间在挪威开始 OMT 的所有人（n=3221）。治疗数据与国家犯罪登记处交叉链接。研究了治疗前、治疗期间和治疗后 3 年内的暴力犯罪定罪。
与治疗前相比，男性和女性在 OMT 期间的暴力犯罪率均显著降低。对于那些继续接受治疗的人来说，OMT 期间暴力犯罪定罪率减半。对于那些离开治疗的人来说，减少的幅度较小：对于该组，OMT 后的暴力定罪率高于治疗前。对于那些治疗前有暴力犯罪定罪的人来说，他们在 OMT 期间被判犯有暴力和非暴力犯罪的风险最高。
OMT 期间暴力犯罪减少。应在治疗系统中实施暴力行为筛查和暴力风险评估。
