Leth A, Dollerup J, Nielsen B
Københavns Amts Sygehus i Glostrup, medicinsk afdeling C og lipidambulatoriet.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1990 Nov 5;152(45):3351-4.
Screening in general practice revealed a total of 124 patients (71 men and 53 women) with severe hypercholesterolaemia, defined as serum cholesterol levels over the 95th percentile for sex and age. The average serum cholesterol was 9.3 mmol/l with a maximal value of 15.5 mmol/l. On the basis of a dietary history for 48 hours and a dietetic interview, a dietician undertook a dietary analysis with the help of a computer programme (DANKOST) before and after dietary alterations for one and three months. The aims were normal body weight, cholesterol intake of under 200 mg/day, ratio between saturated and unsaturated fat between 1.0 and 1.8 and a roughage content of 26-30 g/day. A total of 61 patients completed the recommended dietary alterations. Alcohol intake was significantly higher in men and constituted more than 8% of the energy intake in 43 patients. Serum cholesterol was reduced by a total of 15.3%, triglyceride by nearly 20% while high density lipoprotein remained unchanged. The maximal decrease in serum cholesterol was 43%. In patients who adhered to the dietary changes, the average decrease was over 20%. Patients with hypertension and patients with serum cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 9 mmol/l showed greater decreases than the group as a whole. On the basis of the dietary interview, it did not prove possible to predict which patients would stick to the dietary restrictions.
在普通医疗实践中的筛查共发现124例严重高胆固醇血症患者（71名男性和53名女性），严重高胆固醇血症定义为血清胆固醇水平超过按性别和年龄划分的第95百分位数。平均血清胆固醇为9.3 mmol/l，最高值为15.5 mmol/l。根据48小时的饮食史和饮食访谈，一名营养师在饮食改变1个月和3个月前后，借助计算机程序（DANKOST）进行了饮食分析。目标是正常体重、胆固醇摄入量低于200毫克/天、饱和脂肪与不饱和脂肪的比例在1.0至1.8之间以及膳食纤维含量为26 - 30克/天。共有61名患者完成了推荐的饮食改变。男性的酒精摄入量显著更高，43名患者的酒精摄入量占能量摄入的8%以上。血清胆固醇总共降低了15.3%，甘油三酯降低了近20%，而高密度脂蛋白保持不变。血清胆固醇的最大降幅为43%。坚持饮食改变的患者平均降幅超过20%。高血压患者和血清胆固醇水平大于或等于9 mmol/l的患者的降幅比总体组更大。根据饮食访谈，无法预测哪些患者会坚持饮食限制。
