Yang Xiao-Guang, Li Yong, Dai Shu-Wei, Liu Zhi-Juan, Wang Wen-Feng
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Dec;22(12):3177-88.
Based on the 1961-2007 ground surface meteorological data from 558 meteorological stations in China, this paper analyzed the differences of agricultural climate resources in China different regions, and compared the change characteristics of the agricultural climate resources in 1961-1980 (period I) and 1981-2007 (period II), taking the year 1981 as the time node. As compared with period I, the mean annual temperature in China in period II increased by 0.6 degrees C, and the > or = 0 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and the > or = 10 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of thermophilic crops increased averagely by 123.3 degrees C x d and 125.9 degrees C x d, respectively. In 1961-2007, the mean annual temperature increased most in Northeast China, and the > or = 10 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of thermophilic crops increased most in South China. The whole year sunshine hours and the sunshine hours in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and of thermophilic crops in period II decreased by 125.7 h, 32.2 h, and 53.6 h, respectively, compared with those in period I. In 1961-2007, the annual sunshine hours decreased most in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, while the sunshine hours in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and of thermophilic crops decreased most in North China and South China, respectively. In the whole year and in the growth periods of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops, both the precipitation and the reference crop evapotranspiration in this country all showed a decreasing trend, with the largest decrement in the precipitation in the whole year and in the growth periods of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops in North China, the largest decrement in the reference crop evapotranspiration in the whole year and in the growth periods of thermophilic crops in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and the largest decrement in the reference crop evapotranspiration in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops in Northwest China. In 1961-2007, the climate in China in the whole year and in the growth periods of thermophilic crops showed an overall tendency of warm and dry, and the climate in the growth periods of thermophilic crops became warm and dry in Southwest China, North China, and Northeast China, but warm and wet in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Northwest China, and South China, whereas the climate in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops became warm and dry in North China, but became warm and wet in Northwest China.
基于中国558个气象站1961—2007年的地面气象数据，以1981年为时间节点，分析了中国不同区域农业气候资源的差异，并对比了1961—1980年（时期Ⅰ）和1981—2007年（时期Ⅱ）农业气候资源的变化特征。与时期Ⅰ相比，时期Ⅱ中国年平均气温升高了0.6℃，喜凉作物生育期≥0℃活动积温及喜温作物生育期≥10℃活动积温分别平均增加了123.3℃·d和125.9℃·d。1961—2007年，东北地区年平均气温增幅最大，华南地区喜温作物生育期≥10℃活动积温增幅最大。时期Ⅱ全年及喜凉作物、喜温作物生育期日照时数分别比时期Ⅰ减少了125.7 h、32.2 h和53.6 h。1961—2007年，长江中下游地区年日照时数减少最多，华北地区和华南地区喜凉作物、喜温作物生育期日照时数分别减少最多。全国全年及喜凉、喜温作物生育期降水量和参考作物蒸散量均呈减少趋势，华北地区全年及喜凉、喜温作物生育期降水量减少幅度最大，长江中下游地区全年及喜温作物生育期参考作物蒸散量减少幅度最大，西北地区喜凉作物生育期参考作物蒸散量减少幅度最大。1961—2007年，中国全年及喜温作物生育期气候总体呈暖干趋势，其中西南地区、华北地区和东北地区喜温作物生育期气候暖干，但长江中下游地区、西北地区和华南地区喜温作物生育期气候暖湿；而华北地区喜凉作物生育期气候暖干，西北地区喜凉作物生育期气候暖湿。
