Zelenina D A, Martinson Ia T, Ogden R, Volkov A A, Zelenina I A, Carvalho G R
Genetika. 2011 Dec;47(12):1629-41.
Recent conceptual and technological advances now enable fisheries geneticists to detect and monitor the dynamics and distribution of marine fish populations more effectively than ever before. Information on the extent of genetically-based divergence among populations, so-called "population diversity", is crucial in the quest to manage exploited living resources sustainably since it endows evolutionary potential in the face of environmental change. The generally limited dialogue between scientists, fisheries managers and policy makers, however, continues to constrain integration of population genetic data into tangible policy applications. Largely drawing on the approach and outputs from a European research project, FishPopTrace, we provide an example how the uncovering of marine fish population diversity enables players from genetics, forensics, management and the policy realm to generate a framework tackling key policy-led questions relating to illegal fishing and traceability. We focus on the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in European populations of cod, herring, hake and common sole, and explore how forensics together with a range of analytical approaches, and combined with improved communication of research results to stakeholders, can be used to secure sufficiently robust, tractable and targeted data for effective engagement between science and policy. The essentially binary nature of SNPs, together with generally elevated signals of population discrimination by SNPs under selection, allowed assignment of fish to populations from more areas and with higher certainty than previously possible, reaching standards suitable for use in a court of law. We argue that the use of such tools in enforcement and deterrence, together with the greater integration of population genetic principles and methods into fisheries management, provide tractable elements in the arsenal of tools to achieve sustainable exploitation and conservation of depleted marine fish stocks.
最近在概念和技术方面的进展，使渔业遗传学家能够比以往任何时候都更有效地检测和监测海洋鱼类种群的动态和分布。有关种群间基于基因差异程度的信息，即所谓的“种群多样性”，对于可持续管理被开发的生物资源至关重要，因为它赋予了面对环境变化时的进化潜力。然而，科学家、渔业管理者和政策制定者之间普遍有限的对话，继续限制着将种群遗传数据整合到切实可行的政策应用中。主要借鉴一个欧洲研究项目FishPopTrace的方法和成果，我们提供了一个例子，说明揭示海洋鱼类种群多样性如何使遗传学、法医学、管理和政策领域的相关人员能够生成一个框架，以解决与非法捕捞和可追溯性相关的关键政策导向问题。我们重点关注单核苷酸多态性（SNP）在欧洲鳕鱼、鲱鱼、无须鳕和欧洲鳎种群中的应用，并探讨法医学如何与一系列分析方法相结合，以及如何将研究结果更好地传达给利益相关者，从而用于获取足够强大、易于处理且有针对性的数据，以促进科学与政策之间的有效互动。SNP本质上的二元性，以及在选择作用下SNP通常具有更高的种群区分信号，使得能够比以往更确定地将鱼类分配到更多地区的种群，达到适用于法庭的标准。我们认为，在执法和威慑中使用此类工具，以及将种群遗传原理和方法更广泛地整合到渔业管理中，为实现对枯竭海洋鱼类种群的可持续开发和保护提供了一系列易于使用的工具。
