CYP24 inhibition preserves 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) anti-proliferative signaling in lung cancer cells.

Human lung tumors aberrantly express the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3))-catabolizing enzyme, CYP24. We hypothesized that CYP24 reduces 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated transcription and allows lung cancer cells to escape its growth-inhibitory action. To test this, H292 lung cancer cells and the CYP24-selective inhibitor CTA091 were utilized. In H292 cells, CTA091 reduces 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) catabolism, significantly increases 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated growth inhibition, and increases 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) effects on induced and repressed genes in gene expression profiling studies. Pathway mapping of repressed genes uncovered cell cycle as a predominant 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) target. In H292 cells, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) significantly decreases cyclin E2 levels and induces G(0)/G(1) arrest. A broader set of cyclins is down-regulated when 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is combined with CTA091, and cell cycle arrest further increases. Effects of CTA091 on 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) signaling are vitamin D receptor-dependent. These data provide evidence that CYP24 limits 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) anti-proliferative signaling in cancer cells, and suggest that CTA091 may be beneficial in preserving 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) action in lung cancer.