Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2012 May;64-65:56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
To clarify the effects of malonyl ginsenosides (MGR) on evaluation and quality control of Panax ginseng, the contents of neutral and malonyl ginsenosides from P. ginseng were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV-VIS detector (HPLC-UV) during extraction, processing and storage. Several solvents, including water, ethanol, methanol, and n-butanol were used in the cold-soaked extraction (CSE). Among the four extraction solvents, methanol was found to be the most efficient. CSE was compared with other extraction methods such as Soxhlet extraction (SE), heat reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The content of MGR showed significant differences, higher in CSE and UAE; lower in MAE and HRE; no MGR could be detected after SE. However, the total contents of neutral and malonyl ginsenosides were not different. Meanwhile, white ginseng, stored at 25°C in air of low humidity, showed a marked decrease in the concentration of MGR from 1.19% to 0.63% but with an increase in the neutral ginsenosides from 1.12% to 1.53% after 0-9-month storage. The results indicated that MGR changed dynamically in P. ginseng with different extraction solvents, extraction methods and increasing storage time. The total ginsenosides was not only underestimated but also determined imprecisely by ignoring malonyl ginsenosides. On the basis of our results, we suggest that malonyl ginsenosides should be transformed into the corresponding neutral ginsenosides during sample preparation for quality control and evaluation of P. ginseng. Then the content of six neutral ginsenosides in samples was used as the true level of total ginsenosides. The results reported here might provide useful information for accurate evaluation and quality control of P. ginseng.
为了阐明丙二酰基人参皂苷（MGR）对人参评价和质量控制的影响，采用高效液相色谱法结合紫外可见检测器（HPLC-UV），考察了人参在提取、加工和贮藏过程中中性和丙二酰基人参皂苷的含量。冷浸提取（CSE）中使用了水、乙醇、甲醇和正丁醇等几种溶剂。在这四种提取溶剂中，甲醇的提取效率最高。CSE 与其他提取方法（索氏提取（SE）、热回流提取（HRE）、超声辅助提取（UAE）和微波辅助提取（MAE））进行了比较。MGR 的含量差异显著，CSE 和 UAE 中含量较高；MAE 和 HRE 中含量较低；SE 后无法检测到 MGR。然而，中性和丙二酰基人参皂苷的总含量没有差异。同时，在低湿度空气环境下于 25°C 储存的白参，在 0-9 个月的储存过程中，MGR 浓度从 1.19%显著下降至 0.63%，而中性人参皂苷的浓度从 1.12%增加至 1.53%。结果表明，MGR 在不同的提取溶剂、提取方法和贮藏时间的影响下，在人参中动态变化。忽略丙二酰基人参皂苷不仅会低估总人参皂苷的含量，而且会导致其测定结果不精确。基于我们的研究结果，建议在样品制备过程中，将丙二酰基人参皂苷转化为相应的中性人参皂苷，用于人参的质量控制和评价。然后，将样品中六种中性人参皂苷的含量作为总人参皂苷的真实水平。本研究结果可能为准确评价和质量控制人参提供有用信息。
