Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012 May;21(3):318-22. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e328351c415.
This review summarizes recent insights into the epidemiology of primary hypertension in children, with emphasis on the most important risk factors for the development of hypertension, and also updates current options for treating primary hypertension in children.
There is growing evidence that the prevalence of hypertension has increased over the past decade and that the epidemic of obesity has played a key role in the increase of blood pressure (BP) in the USA and abroad. Recent studies have shown that in addition to obesity, environmental factors such as second-hand smoking and sedentary lifestyle are important in development of hypertension even in preschool age children. Studies also have confirmed the effect of vegetables and fruits on lowering BP. Recent clinical trials of valsartan and olmesartan have provided efficacy and safety information for use in children.
The increased prevalence of hypertension in children in recent years emphasizes the need for a more aggressive approach to screen and diagnose elevated BP even in early childhood. Early initiation of treatment is important to decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbidity in adulthood.
本文综述了近年来儿童原发性高血压流行病学的最新进展，重点阐述了高血压发展的最重要危险因素，并更新了目前儿童原发性高血压的治疗选择。
越来越多的证据表明，过去十年中高血压的患病率一直在增加，肥胖症的流行在国内外血压升高中起着关键作用。最近的研究表明，除肥胖外，二手烟和久坐不动的生活方式等环境因素在儿童期甚至幼儿期高血压的发展中也很重要。研究还证实了蔬菜和水果对降低血压的作用。最近缬沙坦和奥美沙坦的临床试验为儿童用药提供了疗效和安全性信息。
近年来儿童高血压患病率的增加强调了需要更积极地筛查和诊断早期儿童的血压升高。早期开始治疗对于降低成年人心血管发病率非常重要。
